Maps of the birds of the Western Palearctic Region

Terns

CHARADRIIFORMES

--Sternidae

Sterna nilotica
Sandy seacoasts and islands.
From Denmark, c Russia, s Mongolia and e,s China s to nw Africa in Senegambia, Mauritania and Tunisia; s Spain, Sardinia, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Iran, Persian Gulf, Crimea, Volga-Ural steppes, n Caucasus, Kirghiz steppes, Turkestan, se Afghanistan, Pakistan and India e to W. Bengal and Bangladesh; Sri Lanka; Indonesia, Philippines and New Guinea; Australia. Sc California at the Salton Sea, coasts of Sonora and Sinaloa and probably islands in the Gulf of California; coastally from New York s to Florida and w to Texas; Bahamas on Great Inagua and Harbour I.; Virgin Is.; Pacific coast of Ecuador; Atlantic coast in Brazil, Uruguay and n Argentina s to s Buenos Aires.
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--altre foto:
foto n.1 - foto n.2
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- -Sterna dall'inglese antico, starn (una sterna)
niloticus L. Niloticus, anche Nilus (fiume Nilo)

Sterna caspia
Sandy and gravelly seacoasts.
Locally in Tunisia, Mauritania, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, n Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Angola and S. Africa. Madagascar; Seychelles, Aldabra, Comores. Locally in s Scandinavia, Estonia and from the Black Sea and Turkey e across nw Iran, s Russia in the Volga-Ural steppes, Caspian and Aral seas, Kirghiz steppes to n Mongolia, s Siberia and coastal e China from Liaoning to Kwantung, Taiwan and Hainan; from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf e to Pakistan in Sind; Sri Lanka; locally in Australia and Tasmania; New Zealand. Locally from Washington, ne Alberta, s Mackenzie and c Saskatchewan e across c Canada to Newfoundland and s to c Baja California, Sinaloa, Great Lakes region and ne New York, s along coasts to Florida and w to Texas.
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- caspia L. caspius (Caspio, mare)
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Sterna maxima
Sandy seacoasts.
Locally along Pacific coast in extreme s Calif. (rarely), wc Baja Calif., Sonora, Sinaloa and Tres Marías Is.; from Atlantic-Gulf-Caribbean coast from New Jersey s to Florida and w to Texas, s through W. Indies to islands off n Venezuela from Netherlands Antilles e to Los Roques, Trinidad and French Guiana; islands off Yucatán Pen. on Cayo Arcas and Alacrán Reef; coast of Uruguay and n Argentina. Occurs as non-breeding migrant or vagrant on islands and coasts of many African countries;
know to breed on islands off Mauritania and Senegambia.
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--maxima L. maximus (grande)
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Sterna nilotica

Gull-billed Tern

Locally common

has bred:-Britain-Austria

Hungary-Morocco-Algeria

Syria-Jordan

Sterna caspia

Caspian Tern

Uncommon, local

has bred: Corsica-Sardinia

Italy-Germany-Danmark-

Norway-Poland-Latvia-

Romania-Tunisia-Syria

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Sterna maxima

Royal Tern

Locally common

has bred: Banc d'Arguin

dispersing: N.Africa -

Strait of Gibraltar

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Sterna bergii
Seacoasts.
Breeds on coasts of Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Namibia and S. Africa from Walvis Bay e to Natal and on Madagascar, Comoro and Aldabra islands; also recorded (possibly breeding) in coastal Kenya and Tanzania, Mozambique, Zanzibar, Pemba I.; Seychelles, Mascarene and Laccadive islands. From coasts and islands in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf e to se Asia, se China, Philippines, Ryukyu and Bonin islands; Micronesia and Kiribati and s to Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Australia, Tasmania and in s Polynesia e to Tuamotu.
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- -bergii C.H.Bergius (1790-1818) naturalista tedesco e
raccoglitore in Sud Africa (1816-1818)
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Sterna bengalensis
Seacoasts and islands.
Breeding records in Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia. Recorded as migrant or vagrant in n,w,e,se Africa from Morocco, Mauritania, Senegambia, Guinea, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, e S. Africa in Natal; Madagascar, Seychelles, Aldabra, Comores; from Persian Gulf e to Malay Peninsula; Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi; Aru Is., New Guinea, and along coasts of w,n,e Australia s to c W. Australia at Shark Bay and s Queensland on Fraser Island.
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- -bengalensis nome nativo Bangala, il Bangla Desh (ad est) e
il Bengala (ad ovest); gran parte del nord nell' India .
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Sterna sandvicensis
Sandy coasts and islands.
S. s. sandvicensis. Coasts of British Isles and s Scandinavia s to Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas; locally in se U.S. along coasts and islands from Virginia s to Florida and w to s Texas; off Yucatán Pen. and Belize; Bahamas; s Cuba; Virgin Is.; and occasionally Curaçao and Trinidad.
S. s. eurygnatha. Is. off Venezuela from Netherlands Antilles e to Los Roques, n Trinidad and French Guiana; along coast of s Argentina in Chubut and Santa Cruz. Often treated as a separate species, but interbreeding occurs in mixed colonies where the races are in contact.

The two races, formerly treated as species, interbreed freely in the
Lesser Antilles.
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                -sandvicensis, la città di Sandwich, Kent, England-
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