Maps of the birds of the Western Palearctic Region

Ducks

Melanitta nigra
Tundra lakes, pools, in migration streams.
The two subspecies differ in bill structure and may be separate species, but their contact zone in Siberia has not been studied.
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M. n. nigra. From Iceland , Faroe Is., British Isles, Spitsbergen and Scandinavia e across n Russia incl. Novaya Zemlya and n Siberia (generally n of lat. 60°N) to Lena River.
M. n. americana. E Siberia from Lena River e to Anadyrland, Sakhalin and Kamchatka; nw Alaska from Cape Lisburne and the Alaska Range s to Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island; locally in s Kewatin, n Quebec
and Newfoundland.
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The name Melanitta comes derives from the Greek for 'black duck' .
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Melanitta perspicillata
Forested bogs, ponds, sluggish streams, in migration large streams, lakes and seacoasts.
From Mackenzie R. delta e across c Mackenzie and n Manitoba to Hudson Bay, s to w,c Alaska w to Alaska Pen., s Yukon, c British Columbia, c Alberta, n Saskatchewan, wc,e Quebec and Labrador.
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Melanitta fusca
Tundra ponds, lakes, sluggish streams, in migration large streams, lakes and seacoasts.
deglandi plus stejnegeri may constitute a species separate from fusca.

M. f. fusca. From Spitsbergen (at least formerly) and Scandinavia e across n Russia to w Siberia e to Yenisei River and s to Gotland, Estonia and wc Russia; Transcaucasus and adjacent e Turkey.
M. f. stejnegeri. C,sw Siberia from Yenisei R. e to Anadyrland, Koryakland and Kamchatka, s to Altai, Transbaicalia, Amurland, Sakhalin and Kuril Is.
M. f. deglandi. From n Alaska, n Yukon, nw,s Mackenzie, s Keewatin and n Manitoba s to c Alaska, s Yukon, sc British Columbia, ne Washington, se Alberta, n N. Dakota, s Manitoba, n Ontario and w Quebec.
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Melanitta nigra

Common Scoter

common

has bred: Spitsbergen,

Faeroes

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Melanitta perspicillata

Surf Scoter

Vagrant

w.c. Europe

* no map

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Melanitta fusca

Velvet Scoter

locally common

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Bucephala albeola
Lakes, ponds, rivers, in migration also seacoasts.
From c Alaska, s Yukon, w,s Mackenzie, s Keewatin, ne Manitoba and n Ontario s to s British Columbia, n Washington, n Montana, c Colorado and s Canada e to s Ontario and wc Quebec; locally s in mts. to n Calif., rarely to n Iowa, se Minnesota and se Wisconsin.
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Bucephala islandica
Lakes, ponds, rivers, in migration also seacoasts.
Sw Greenland and Iceland; Arctic coasts and mts. from c,s,se Alaska w to Alaska Pen., s Yukon, w Mackenzie, n British Columbia and sw Alberta s to the Sierra Nevada in e Calif., n Montana, nw Wyoming and sw Colorado; ne Quebec, n Labrador.
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Bucephala clangula
Ponds, lakes, rivers, in migration also seacoasts.
From British Isles (rarely) and Scandinavia e across n Russia and n Siberia (generally to ca. Arctic Circle) to w Anadyrland and Kamchatka, s to Germany, Czechslovakia, Poland, c Russia, s Siberia w to Altai and e to Sakhalin, (but not in Transbaicalia and s Ussuriland) and Manchuria.
From w,c Alaska, n Yukon, nw,s Mackenzie, sw Keewatin and n Manitoba e across n Canada to c Labrador and Newfoundland, and s to
n Washington, c Montana, s Saskatchewan and from n N. Dakota e to New England and Nova Scotia.
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