Parvorder
Cerylida
Superfamily Halcyonoidea (= Dacelonoidea)
Family Halcyonidae (=Dacelonidae)
Superfamily Ceryloidea
Family Cerylidae
Infraorder Meropides
Family Nyctyornithidae
Family Meropidae
Order CORACIIFORMES
Family CORACIIDAE
Coracias garrulus EUROPEAN ROLLER.
Open areas with scattered trees, pastures, farmlands, open woodland, orchards,
towns. From sw,e Europe n to Iberian Pen, se France, Italy, Germany
and s Finland, e across c,s Russia to Kirghiz steppes and Turkestan, sw
Siberia and w China, and s to nw Africa from Morocco to Tunisia, n Mediterranean
region, Turkey, Near and Middle East to Afghanistan, w,n Pakistan
and n India in Kashmir.
Coracias abyssinica ABYSSINIAN ROLLER.
Savanna, open woodland, farmlands, towns. From sw Mauritania, Senegambia,
Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone e through w Africa to Cameroon, C. African
Rep., s Egypt, Sudan, ne Zaire, n Uganda, Ethiopia, n Kenya, s Somalia
and sw Arabia.
Coracias caudata LILAC-BREASTED
ROLLER. Savanna, woodland, farmlands, towns. In Ethiopia, Somalia
and e Kenya; from n Angola, se,ce Zaire, s,e Uganda and w,c,se Kenya s
to ne Namibia and n S. Africa.
Coracias spatulata RACKET-TAILED
ROLLER. Open woodland, savanna. In sw,ce Angola and sc,se Zaire
s through Zambia, s Tanzania, Malawi and Zimbabwe to ne Namibia, w,n Botswana,
w,s Mozambique and extreme ne S. Africa and n,e Mozambique.
Coracias naevia RUFOUS-CROWNED ROLLER.
Open country, woodland, towns, farmlands. From sw Mauritania and
Senegambia e through s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan
to Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia and s to sc Namibia and n S. Africa.
Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except Sierra Leone, Djibouti,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Rwanda, Burundi.
Coracias benghalensis INDIAN ROLLER.
Open country, woodland, farmlands, towns.
Lowlands and mts. to 3700 m from e Arabia, s
Iraq, s Iran, Pakistan and n,c India; lowlands to 1000 m of pen. India;
lowlands to 1500 m from e India, Burma and sw,sc China s through Thailand
and Indochina to c Malaya; ranges to Laccadive and Maldive islands.
Coracias temminckii PURPLE-WINGED
ROLLER. Open country, woodland, farmlands. Lowlands to 1000
m of Sulawesi.
Coracias cyanogaster BLUE-BELLIED
ROLLER. Woodland, especially Isoberlinia. Locally
in sw Mali, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea,
Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Niger, Nigeria,
Cameroon and C. African Rep. to extreme s Sudan.
Eurystomus glaucurus BROAD-BILLED
ROLLER. Savanna, woodland, forest edge. From s Mali, Senegambia
Burkina Faso and Guinea e across s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan to Ethiopia,
Eritrea and s Somalia, and s (except forested w,c) to ne Namibia, n Botswana,
Zimbabwe and e S. Africa. Lowlands to 1200 m of Madagascar, Comoro
Is. and Mascarene Is. Recorded in all subSaharan African countries
except Mauritania and Djibouti.
Eurystomus gularis BLUE-THROATED
ROLLER. Forest. In s Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone,
Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, Gulf of Guinea Is., s Cameroon,
C. African Rep., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, n,ne Zaire and Uganda,
and s to n Angola and sc,ec Zaire.
Eurystomus orientalis DOLLARBIRD.
Forest edge, second growth, woodland and open country with scattered trees.
Lowlands to 1000 m from sw,n,e India, c,e China, se Siberia and Japan s
through most of se Asia, Ryukyu Is. and Philippines to Andaman Is., E.
Indies, New Guinea and n,e,se Australia from n W. Australia e to Queensland
and s to Victoria and extreme se S. Australia.
Eurystomus azureus PURPLE ROLLER.
Forest edge, second growth, woodland, open country with scattered trees.
Lowlands to 1000 m in Moluccas. Sometimes included in E. orientalis.
Brachypteracias leptosomus SHORT-LEGGED
GROUND-ROLLER. Undisturbed humid rain forest, underbrush with leaf
litter. Up to 1200 m in ne,e Madagascar.
Brachypteracias squamigera SCALY GROUND-ROLLER.
Humid forest floor with undergrowth and carpet of dead leaves and branches.
Lowlands to 1000 m of ne,ce Madagascar.
Atelornis pittoides PITTA-LIKE GROUND-ROLLER.
Humid forest floor with dead leaf litter, fallen branches, sparse herbaceous
cover. Lowlands to 2000 m of nw,e Madagascar.
Atelornis crossleyi RUFOUS-HEADED
GROUND-ROLLER. Rain forest undergrowth with dead branches and roots.
Up to 1500 m of e Madagascar.
Uratelornis chimaera LONG-TAILED GROUND-ROLLER. Subarid thorn brush on sandy soil with dead leaf litter. Sw Madagascar in a narrow coastal strip ca. 200 km long between the Mangoky River and Fiherenana River, up to 80 m elevation between the sea and mountains to the east.
Leptosomus discolor CUCKOO ROLLER
(COUROL). Forest, plantations, parks.
Up to 2000 m over all of Madagascar; also on
Grand Comoro, Anjouan, Mohéle, Mayotte and Anjouan islands.
Hylomanes momotula TODY MOTMOT.
Humid forest. Lowlands to 1500 m from Veracruz,
n Oaxaca and Chiapas s along both slopes of C.
America to Panama and nw Colombia.
Aspatha gularis BLUE-THROATED MOTMOT.
Humid forest, pine-oak, brush. Mts. from e Oaxaca and Chiapas s through
Guatemala to El Salvador and Honduras.
Electron platyrhynchum BROAD-BILLED
MOTMOT. Humid forest, edge, woodland, second growth. Lowlands
to 1500 m from e Honduras s to Panama, w Colombia and w Ecuador; e of Andes
from se Colombia s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian
Brazil.
Electron carinatum KEEL-BILLED MOTMOT.
Humid forest. Locally in lowlands to 1000 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope
from Veracruz and Tabasco s through C. America to ne Costa Rica.
Eumomota superciliosa TURQUOISE-BROWED
MOTMOT. Open woodland, scrub, fencerows. Lowlands on Gulf-Caribbean
slope from s Veracruz and Tabasco to Yucatán Pen.; Pacific lowlands
from Chiapas s to c Costa Rica; int. and Caribbean valleys of Guatemala
and Honduras.
Baryphthengus martii RUFOUS MOTMOT.
Humid forest, edge, second growth, woodland, usually near water.
Lowlands to 1500 m on Caribbean slope of ne Honduras, Nicaragua and
Costa Rica, on both slopes of Panama, and from
w,nc Colombia s, w of Andes to w Ecuador,
and e of Andes from se Colombia s through e Ecuador
and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Baryphthengus ruficapillus RUFOUS-CAPPED
MOTMOT. Humid forest, edge, second growth. Lowlands in e Paraguay,
ne Argentina and e Brazil. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of B.
martii.
Momotus mexicanus RUSSET-CROWNED
MOTMOT. Open woodland, second growth, semi-arid scrub. Lowlands
to 1800 m from s Sonora, sw Chihuahua, Durango and Zacatecas s to Morelos,
w Puebla, Oaxaca, Chiapas and interior Guatemala.
Momotus momota BLUE-CROWNED MOTMOT. Open woodland, humid forest edge, second growth, scrub. More than one species may be included under M. momota. The high altitude Andean populations are especially distinct.
M. m. coeruliceps. Lowlands in Nuevo
León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Puebla and n Veracruz.
M. m. lessonii. From s Veracruz on Gulf-Caribbean slope and Chiapas
on Pacific s through s,se Mexico and C. America to w. Panama.
M. m. subrufescens. In e Panama,
n Colombia and n Venezuela.
M. m. momota. Lowlands to 1300 m
w of Andes in w Ecuador and nw Peru; e of Andes from
e Colombia, s Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and
Guianas s through e Ecuador, e Peru, Bolivia and Brazil to Paraguay and
nw Argentina in Salta and Jujuy.
M. m. aequatorialis. Andes, 1500-3100
m in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Todus multicolor CUBAN TODY.
Forest, open woodland, especially near streams. Cuba and Isle of
Pines.
Todus angustirostris NARROW-BILLED
TODY. Dense undergrowth, forest edge, shrubbery. Mts., and
locally in lowlands, of Hispaniola.
Todus mexicanus PUERTO RICAN TODY.
Forest undergrowth, open woodland, scrub. Puerto Rico.
Todus todus JAMAICAN TODY.
Open woodland, second growth, scrubby undergrowth.
Hills and mts. of Jamaica.
Todus subulatus BROAD-BILLED TODY.
Open woodland, second growth and arid scrub. Hispaniola, including
Gonâve Island.
Parvorder ALCEDINIDA
Family ALCEDINIDAE
Alcedo hercules BLYTH'S KINGFISHER.
Forested streams. Lowlands and foothills to 1200 m in ne India, w,ne,s
Burma, s China, n Laos and n Vietnam.
Alcedo atthis COMMON KINGFISHER.
Streams, rivers, marshes, lakes, mangroves, tidal estuaries, seacoasts,
forest. From British Isles, s Sweden and s Finland e across c,s Russia
and s Siberia, Kuril Is., Japan and Ryukyu Is., and s to nw Africa, Mediterranean
region to Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar is., Malaya, Hainan and Taiwan;
Indonesia and New Guinea region from Sulawesi and Bali e through Lesser
Sundas, Moluccas, w Papuan is. and New Guinea to Admiralty Is., Bismarck
Arch. and Solomon Is.
Alcedo semitorquata HALF-COLLARED
KINGFISHER. Lakes, marshes, swamps, mangroves. In s Sudan,
w,c Ethiopia, Eritrea, se Kenya; from s Angola, ne Namibia, Zambia, se
Zaire, ne Botswana and nw,e,s Tanzania s through Malawi, Mozambique and
Zimbabwe to e,s S. Africa in Transvaal, e Orange Free State, Natal, s,sw
Cape Prov.
Alcedo quadribrachys SHINING-BLUE
KINGFISHER. Lakes, marshes, swamps, mangroves. Sw Mali, Senegambia,
Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina
Faso, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Cameroon, s C. African Rep., Gabon, Congo,
n,ne Zaire, extreme s Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, n Angola, extreme
w Zambia and sc,se,ce Zaire.
Alcedo meninting BLUE-EARED KINGFISHER.
Streams in forest and woodland. Lowlands to 1500 m from sw,ne,e India,
Burma and sw China s through nw Laos, Thailand and s Vietnam to Sri Lanka,
Andaman Is., Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Bali, Lombok, s Sulawesi and
sw Philippines.
Alcedo azurea AZURE KINGFISHER.
Forested streams, mangroves. Lowlands to 1500 m in
n Moluccas, Romang, Tanimbar, Aru and w Papuan
is., New Guinea, and in n,e,se Australia from ne W. Australia e to Queensland
and s to Victoria and s S. Australia.
Alcedo websteri BISMARCK KINGFISHER.
Forested streams. Islands of Umboi, New Hanover, New Britain, New
Ireland and Lihir Is. in the Bismarck Archipelago.
Alcedo euryzona BLUE-BANDED KINGFISHER.
Forested streams. Lowlands and foothills
to 1500 m in e Burma, Malay Pen., Sumatra, Borneo
and Java.
Alcedo cyanopecta INDIGO-BANDED
KINGFISHER. Forest streams. Philippine islands of Luzon, Polillo
is., Catanduanes, Marinduque, Mindoro, Sibuyan, Masbate, Panay, Negros,
Cebu and Ticao.
Alcedo argentata SILVERY KINGFISHER.
Forested streams. Se,s Philippines on Samar, Leyte, Dinagat, Siargao,
Mindanao and Basilan. Sometimes placed in Ceyx.
Alcedo cristata MALACHITE KINGFISHER.
Streams, lakes, ponds, marshes. Senegambia, s Mauritania, e through
s Mali, s Niger, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, s Chad and s Sudan to
Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and s to s S. Africa. Recorded in
all subSaharan African countries except Djibouti and Equatorial Guinea.
Sometimes placed in Corythornis.
Alcedo vintsioides MALAGASY KINGFISHER.
Streams, lakes, ponds, mangroves, seashore. Up to 1800 m on Madagascar
and Comoro Islands.
Sometimes treated as a subspecies of A. cristata
Alcedo thomensis SAO TOME KINGFISHER.
Streams, lakes, ponds, marshes. São Tomé I., Gulf of
Guinea off West Africa. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of A. cristata
and so recommended by D. A. Turner (pers. comm.) on the basis of identical
habits, habitat and plumage; also by Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993)
-- but is there interchange and interbreeding with the mainland cristata?.
Alcedo nais PRINCIPE KINGFISHER.
Drier habitats than thomensis, also streams, lakes, ponds, marshes.
Príncipe Island, Gulf of Guinea. Sometimes treated as a subspecies
of A. cristata or of A. leucogaster. D. A. Turner (pers. comm.) favors
treatment as a race of cristata, as do Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993).
See A. thomensis.
Alcedo leucogaster WHITE-BELLIED
KINGFISHER. Forested streams, mangroves. In Guinea-Bissau,
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, s Cameroon,
Bioko I., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire
and Uganda, and s to Zambia, nw Angola and sw,cs,ce Zaire. Sometimes
placed in Corythornis.
Alcedo coerulescens SMALL BLUE KINGFISHER
or CERULEAN KINGFISHER. Mangroves, swamps. Coasts on s Sumatra,
Java, Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa.
Alcedo pusilla LITTLE KINGFISHER.
Forested streams, mangroves. Lowlands to 500 m in n Moluccas, Aru
and w Papuan is., New Guinea, Bismarck Arch. (Umboi, New Britain, New Ireland,
New Hanover, Tabar Is.), Solomon Is., is. in Torres Strait, and coasts
and is. of n,ne Australia in N. Terr., and n,e Queensland on Cape York
Pen. s to Normanton and Townsville.
Ceyx lepidus VARIABLE KINGFISHER.
Humid forest, dense woodland, usually near streams. Lowlands to 1200
m in c,s Philippines, Sula Is., Moluccas, Aru Is., w Papuan is., New Guinea,
Admiralty Is., Bismarck Arch. and Solomon Is. (except Rennell I.).
Ceyx erithacus BLACK-BACKED KINGFISHER.
Forest. Lowlands to 1000 m from sw,ne India, Burma and sw China s
through Thailand, ne Laos, s Vietnam and Malaya to Sri Lanka, Andaman and
Nicobar is., Sumatra, Borneo, Java and w,sw Philippines on Calamian Is.,
Palawan, Balabac, Camiguin Sur, Mindoro and Sulu Arch. See C. rufidorsa.
Ceyx rufidorsa RUFOUS-BACKED KINGFISHER.
Forest. Lowlands to 1500 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok,
Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Borneo and wc,sw Philippines on Calamian Is., Palawan,
Balabac, Sulu Arch.
It is unclear whether C. erithacus and
C.
rufidorsa are subspecies of a single species (erithacus), distinct
but occasionally hybridizing species, or color morphs of erithacus.
Ceyx melanurus PHILIPPINE KINGFISHER.
Forest. Philippine Is. of Luzon, Polillo Is., Catanduanes, Samar,
Leyte, Mindanao, Basilan.
Ceyx fallax SULAWESI KINGFISHER.
Humid forest. Lowlands to 1000 m of Sulawesi, including Lembeh and
Sangihe islands.
Ispidina madagascariensis MADAGASCAR
PYGMY-KINGFISHER. Forest, deciduous woodland, brushy savanna.
Lowlands to 1800 m of Madagascar, except the southwest. Sometimes
placed in Ceyx.
Ispidina picta AFRICAN PYGMY-KINGFISHER.
Grassland, savanna, streams, forest edge, generally not far from water.
In Senegambia, s Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea,
Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon,
s Chad and
s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and
s to sw,c,e Angola, ne Namibia, n,e Botswana and
e S. Africa. Recorded in all subSaharan
African countries except Djibouti.
Sometimes placed in Ceyx.
Ispidina lecontei DWARF KINGFISHER. Forest. Locally in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., n,e Zaire, extreme s Sudan and Uganda, and s to nw Angola and sw,sc,ce Zaire. Sometimes placed in Ceyx.
Parvorder CERYLIDA
Family HALCYONIDAE(=
Dacelonidae).
Lacedo pulchella BANDED KINGFISHER.
Forest. Lowlands to 1000 m in s,e Burma, Thailand, Indochina and
Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo and Java. Incl. nearby smaller islands.
Dacelo novaeguineae LAUGHING KOOKABURRA.
Open woodland, forest, farmlands, orchards, towns. Lowlands from
ne Queensland s to Victoria, and w to se S. Australia. Intro. sw
Australia, Tasmania, Kangaroo and Flinders is. in Bass Strait. D.
novaeguineae is sometimes incorrectly listed as "D. gigas".
Dacelo leachii BLUE-WINGED KOOKABURRA.
Woodland, swamps, forested streams. Lowlands to 400 m in s New Guinea,
and in nw,n,ne Australia from W. Australia e to Queensland and s to e New
S. Wales.
Dacelo tyro SPANGLED KOOKABURRA.
Savanna. Lowlands in Aru Is. and s New Guinea.
Dacelo gaudichaud RUFOUS-BELLIED
KOOKABURRA. Forest, edge, second growth, savanna. Lowlands
to 1300 m in Aru and w Papuan is. and New Guinea incl. is. in Geelvink
Bay.
Clytoceyx rex SHOVEL-BILLED KOOKABURRA.
Forest. Lowlands and mts. to 2350 m of New Guinea.
Cittura cyanotis LILAC-CHEEKED KINGFISHER
or MASKED KINGFISHER. Humid forest. Lowlands to 1000 m of n,e,se
Sulawesi.
Pelargopsis amauropterus BROWN-WINGED
KINGFISHER. Seacoasts, tidal creeks, mangroves, brackish swamps.
Coastal lowlands in e India, w,s Burma, w pen. Thailand and nw Malaya.
Pelargopsis capensis STORK-BILLED
KINGFISHER. Forest streams, swamps, paddyfields, mangroves, roadside
ditches. Lowlands to 1200 m from India, Burma, Thailand and Indochina
s to Sri Lanka, Andaman and Nicobar is., Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores and Philippines.
Pelargopsis melanorhyncha BLACK-BILLED
KINGFISHER. Forest streams. Coastal areas of n,ne,se Sulawesi.
Halcyon coromanda RUDDY KINGFISHER.
Forested streams, mangroves. Locally in lowlands to 1800 m from n,e
India, sw China, Burma, Manchuria, Korea, Japan, Ryukyu Is. and Taiwan
s through ne,c,pen. Thailand, Cambodia, n Laos, s Vietnam and Malaya to
Andaman Is., Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi and Philippines.
Halcyon badia CHOCOLATE-BACKED KINGFISHER.
Humid forest. In Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Nigeria, Gulf of Guinea Is., s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Congo, Cabinda, nw Angola, cw,sc,ce Zaire, sw C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire,
extreme s Sudan and w Uganda.
Halcyon smyrnensis WHITE-THROATED
KINGFISHER. Open country, fields, plains, towns, forest, less frequently
lakes, streams and seacoasts. Lowlands to 1800 m from ne Egypt, Near
East, s Turkey, Arabia, Iraq and s Iran e through Afghanistan and Pakistan
to India, Burma and s China, and s to Sri Lanka, Andaman Is., Malaya, se
Asia, Sumatra and Philippines.
Halcyon pileata BLACK-CAPPED KINGFISHER.
Open country, seacoasts, tidal rivers, mangroves. Lowlands to 1200
m in coastal,e India, w,s Burma, n Laos, c,e,s China, Hainan, Taiwan, Korea
and Andaman and Nicobar is.
Halcyon cyanoventris JAVAN KINGFISHER.
Streams, marshes. Lowlands in Java and Bali.
Halcyon leucocephala GREY-HEADED
KINGFISHER. Streams, marshes. From sw Mauritania and Senegambia
e through s Mali, s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti,
Somalia and s Arabia, and s to c Namibia, n Botswana, Zimbabwe, s Mozambique
and n S. Africa. Recorded in all subSaharan African countries except
Equatorial Guinea.
Halcyon senegalensis WOODLAND KINGFISHER.
Woodland, brush, savanna. From Senegambia e through s Mali, s Mauritania,
s Niger, s Chad and s Sudan to w,c Ethiopia, Eritrea, and s to c,s Angola,
se Zaire, Zambia and sw Tanzania, Malawi and w Mozambique, Zimbabwe and
n Namibia, n,e Botswana and e S. Africa. Recorded in all subSaharan
African countries except Djibouti and Somalia.
Halcyon senegaloides MANGROVE KINGFISHER.
Mangroves, open woodland. Coastally
in Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique and e
S. Africa. Including islands of Manda, Pemba, Zanzibar and Mafia.
Halcyon malimbica BLUE-BREASTED
KINGFISHER. Forest, riverine woodland. In Senegambia, sw Mali,
Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Niger, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., s Sudan, Uganda, Burundi, nw Tanzania
and s to nw Angola, nw Zambia and cs,ce Zaire.
Halcyon albiventris BROWN-HOODED
KINGFISHER. Open woodland, savanna. In Congo, wc,s,se Zaire,
s Somalia, c,e,se Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe,
s Angola, ne Namibia, n,e Botswana and e,s S. Africa.
Halcyon chelicuti STRIPED KINGFISHER.
Acacia woodland, dry scrub, open woodland, farmlands. From sw Mauritania,
Senegambia e through s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, s Chad and
s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and
s to Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia and n,e S. Africa. Recorded
in all subSaharan African countries except Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea
and Gabon.
Todirhamphus nigrocyaneus BLUE-BLACK
KINGFISHER. Forest streams, swamps. Lowlands to 600 m in w
Papuan is. and New Guinea.
Todirhamphus winchelli RUFOUS-LORED
KINGFISHER. Forest. C,s Philippines and Sulu Arch.
Todirhamphus diops BLUE-AND-WHITE
KINGFISHER. Forest, streams, farmlands. Coasts of n Moluccas
from Morotai to Obilatu.
Todirhamphus lazuli LAZULI KINGFISHER.
Mangroves, swampy woodland. Coasts of s Moluccas: Seram, Ambon, Haruku.
May be conspecific with T. diops.
Todirhamphus macleayii FOREST KINGFISHER.
Open woodland, forested streams, swamps, mangroves, forest edge, beaches.
Lowlands to 1500 m in e New Guinea, New Britain, and in n,e Australia from
n W. Australia e to Queensland, and s to New S. Wales at the Macleay River.
Todirhamphus albonotatus NEW BRITAIN
KINGFISHER. Forest. New Britain I. in the Bismarck Arch.
Todirhamphus leucopygius ULTRAMARINE
KINGFISHER. Forest. Solomon Is. of Bougainville, Shortland,
Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Florida and Guadalcanal.
Todirhamphus farquhari CHESTNUT-BELLIED
KINGFISHER. Forest. C Vanuatu islands of Espiritu Santo, Malo
and Malakula.
Todirhamphus pyrrhopygia RED-BACKED
KINGFISHER. Scrubby grasslands, spinifex, mulga, mallee, open woodland.
Interior and drier areas of Australia.
Todirhamphus recurvirostris FLAT-BILLED
KINGFISHER. Mangroves, woodland. W. Samoan islands of Upolu
and Savaii. Sometimes treated as a subspecies of T. sanctus.
Todirhamphus cinnamominus MICRONESIAN
KINGFISHER. Mangroves, woodland.
T. c. miyakoensis, known only from the
unique type specimen from the sw Ryukyu I. of Miyako-shima, is either an
extinct subspecies or a hybrid between T. cinnamominus x T. chloris.
T. c. cinnamominus occurs in Micronesia
on Palau, e Caroline Is. on Pohnpei and s Mariana Is.
on Guam.
Todirhamphus funebris SOMBRE KINGFISHER.
Presumably woodland and mangroves. Lowlands of n Moluccas on Halmahera,
Ternate, and possibly Tidore.
Todirhamphus chloris COLLARED KINGFISHER.
Mangroves, tidal creeks, coastal woodland, beaches, towns. Along
coast of Rea Sea, w portion of Gulf of Aden, coast of Eritrea and Somalia
and se Arabia; coast of sw India; lowlands to 1400 m from e India e to
Malaya and Andaman and Nicobar is., c Vietnam and se China, and s through
E. Indies, Philippines, New Guinea and is. of sw Pacific to Mariana Is.,
Palau, e Fiji, Samoa and Tonga and coasts and is. of nw,n,e Australia from
W. Australia e to Queensland, and s to extreme ne New S. Wales.
Todirhamphus enigma TALAUD KINGFISHER.
Forest. Talaud Is. This little-known bird may be a subspecies
of T. sanctus, T. chloris or T. tuta.
Todirhamphus saurophaga BEACH KINGFISHER.
Mangroves, coastal coral cliffs, woodland. Coastal lowlands in n
Moluccas, w Papuan is., n New Guinea, Louisiade, D'Entrecasteaux and Bismarck
arch. and Solomon Is.
Todirhamphus australasia CINNAMON-BANDED
KINGFISHER or CINNAMON-COLLARED KINGFISHER. Open forest, woodland,
usually near water. Lowlands in Lesser Sunda Is. of Lombok, Sumba,
Timor, Wetak, Roma, Damar, Babar, Leti,
Moa and Tanimbar.
Todirhamphus sanctus SACRED KINGFISHER.
Open forest and woodland, usually near water, lakes, rivers, mangroves,
seacoasts, towns. In Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Norfolk and
Lord Howe is., Solomon, Kermadec and Loyalty is., Fiji, and Futuna Is.
Todirhamphus veneratus TAHITI KINGFISHER.
Mangroves. E Society Is. of Tahiti and Moorea.
Todirhamphus ruficollaris MANGAIA
KINGFISHER. Mangroves. S Cook Is. on Mangaia I.
Todirhamphus tuta CHATTERING KINGFISHER.
Mangroves. In e Cook Is. (Atiu, Mauke) and Society Is. from Maupiti
to Tahiti.
Todirhamphus godeffroyi MARQUESAN
KINGFISHER. Mangroves. S Marquesas is. of Hiva Oa, Tahuata,
Fatu Hiva.
Todirhamphus gambieri TUAMOTU KINGFISHER.
Mangroves. Nw Tuamotu island of Niau.
Formerly on Mangareva, but extirpated before
1922.
Caridonax fulgidus WHITE-RUMPED KINGFISHER.
Mangroves, woodland, forest. Lowlands to 1300 m of w,c Lesser Sunda
Is. of Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores.
Melidora macrorrhina HOOK-BILLED
KINGFISHER. Forest. Lowlands to 1200 m in w Papuan is. of Waigeo,
Batanta, Salawati, Misool; and New Guinea, including Yapen Island.
Actenoides bougainvillei MOUSTACHED
KINGFISHER. Unknown, presumably mangroves or forest. Solomon
Is. of Bougainville and Guadalcanal.
Actenoides concretus RUFOUS-COLLARED
KINGFISHER. Forest. Lowlands to 1000 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra
and Borneo.
Actenoides lindsayi SPOTTED KINGFISHER.
Forest. N,c Philippines on Luzon, Catanduanes, Marinduque and Negros.
Actenoides hombroni BLUE-CAPPED KINGFISHER.
Forest. S Philippines on Mindanao.
Actenoides monachus GREEN-BACKED
KINGFISHER. Humid forest. Lowlands of Sulawesi.
Actenoides princeps SCALY KINGFISHER.
Humid forest. Mts., 900-2000 m, of Sulawesi.
Syma torotoro YELLOW-BILLED KINGFISHER.
Forest. Lowlands to 1200 m in w Papuan is., New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux
Arch. and ne Australia.
Syma megarhyncha MOUNTAIN KINGFISHER.
Forest. Mts., 700-2100 m, of New Guinea.
*Tanysiptera: The number of species of Tanysiptera and their relationships to one another are unclear; new evidence will be required to clarify their taxonomy.
Tanysiptera hydrocharis LITTLE PARADISE-KINGFISHER.
Forest. Lowlands in Aru Is. and s New Guinea.
Tanysiptera galatea COMMON PARADISE-KINGFISHER.
Humid forest. Lowlands to 300 m in Moluccas, w Papuan is, New Guinea,
adjacent islands, and Rossel I. in the Louisiade Arch.
Tanysiptera ellioti KOFIAU PARADISE-KINGFISHER.
Forest. W Papuan island of Kofiau.
Tanysiptera riedelii BIAK PARADISE-KINGFISHER.
Forest streams. Biak I. in Geelvink Bay, off W New Guinea.
Tanysiptera carolinae NUMFOR PARADISE-KINGFISHER.
Forest. Numfor I. in Geelvink Bay, off W New Guinea.
Tanysiptera nympha RED-BREASTED PARADISE-KINGFISHER.
Second growth, forest, mangrove. Locally in lowlands to 1450 m of
w,ne New Guinea.
Tanysiptera danae BROWN-HEADED PARADISE-KINGFISHER.
Forest. Lowlands to 1000 m of se New Guinea.
Tanysiptera sylvia BUFF-BREASTED
PARADISE-KINGFISHER. Humid forest. The two subspecies groups
may be separate species.
T. s. sylvia. Lowlands and foothills
in se New Guinea from Hall Sound to Port Moresby area and coastal ne Australia
in ne Queensland from Cape York s to Townsville.
T. s. nigriceps. Bismarck Arch.
on Umboi, New Britain, Watom, and Duke of York islands.
Megaceryle maxima GIANT KINGFISHER.
Wooded streams, forested rivers. From Senegambia and s Mauritania
e across s Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, s Chad, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea
Is., C. African Rep. and se Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, and Tanzania
and s to s S. Africa. Recorded in all subSaharan African countries
except Djibouti and Somalia.
Megaceryle lugubris CRESTED KINGFISHER.
Forested streams. Lowlands and foothills to 2100 m from n,e India,
Burma and s,e China s to nw Thailand, Laos and n,c Vietnam; Japan.
Megaceryle alcyon BELTED KINGFISHER.
Lakes, streams, wooded creeks, rivers, seacoasts, mangroves. From
w,c Alaska, c Yukon, British Columbia, w,sc Mackenzie, and n Saskatchewan
e across s Canada to ec Labrador and Newfoundland, and s to s Calif., s
Arizona, s New Mexico, s Texas, Gulf coast and c Florida.
Megaceryle torquata RINGED KINGFISHER.
Lakes, rivers, streams, lagoons, coastal regions. Lowlands to 2600
m from s Sinaloa, Nuevo Leon, s Texas and Tamaulipas s along both slopes
of Mexico and C. America to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad
and Guianas s to Tierra del Fuego; c Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Dominica,
Martinique).
Ceryle rudis PIED KINGFISHER.
Streams, lakes, marshes, roadside ditches, reservoirs. From Senegambia
e across s Mali, s Niger, s Chad, s Sudan and the Nile Valley to n Egypt,
Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia, and s in all countries (except Djibouti)
to s S. Africa. Lowlands to 1800 m from s Turkey and Near East e
through s Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India and Burma to s,se China,
Hainan I., and s to Thailand and Indochina.
Chloroceryle amazona AMAZON KINGFISHER.
Rivers, lakes, forest streams, savanna ponds. Lowlands to 2500 m
from Nayarit, s San Luis Potosí and s Tamaulipas s along both slopes
of Mexico (exc. Yucatán Pen.) and C. America to Panama, and from
Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, mostly e of Andes, through
e Ecuador, e Peru, Brazil and Bolivia to Uruguay and n Argentina.
Chloroceryle americana GREEN KINGFISHER.
Streams, rivers, lakes, marshes, swamps, mangroves. Lowlands to 1500
m from s Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, n Coahuila and c Texas s along both
slopes to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas
s, w of Andes to n Chile and e of Andes to c Argentina.
Chloroceryle inda GREEN-AND-RUFOUS
KINGFISHER. Forest streams, swamps and mangroves. Lowlands
to 1000 m on Caribbean slope of ne Nicaragua and Costa Rica, both slopes
of Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, w of Andes to w
Ecuador and e of Andes to e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and c Brazil.
Chloroceryle aenea AMERICAN PYGMY
KINGFISHER. Forest streams, swamps, mangroves. Lowlands to
2600 m from Oaxaca, se San Luis Potosí and Veracruz s on both slopes
of Mexico and C. America to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad
and Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and e of Andes to e Peru, n,e Bolivia,
n Paraguay and Amazonian, e Brazil.
Nyctyornis amictus RED-BEARDED BEE-EATER.
Forest. Lowlands to 1700 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
Nyctyornis athertoni BLUE-BEARDED
BEE-EATER. Woodland, forest edge, overgrown ravines. Lowlands
to 1700 m in India, Burma, s China, Thailand and Indochina.
Meropogon forsteni PURPLE-BEARDED
BEE-EATER. Humid forest. Locally to 1500 m in n,ne,c,se Sulawesi.
Merops gularis BLACK BEE-EATER.
Forest edge, riverine woodland, farmlands. In Sierra Leone, se Guinea,
Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon,
Congo, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire s to nw Angola and sw,sc,ce Zaire.
Merops muelleri BLUE-HEADED BEE-EATER.
Forest edge, riverine, farmlands. In se Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia,
Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Equatorial
Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, and s to Congo Rep.
and cw,sc,
ce Zaire; w Kenya.
Merops bulocki RED-THROATED BEE-EATER.
Savanna, open woodland, especially near streams. In Senegambia, s
Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast,
c Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Nigeria, s Niger, c Cameroon,
C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and s Sudan to w Ethiopia, extreme ne Zaire and nw
Uganda. The species name, bulocki, is correct as in the original
description, but is often incorrectly emended to "bullocki", which is the
correct spelling of the name of the person for whom it was named -- William
Bullock.
Merops bullockoides WHITE-FRONTED
BEE-EATER. Savanna, open woodland, especially near streams.
From w Gabon, sw Congo Rep., sw,sc,ce,ne Zaire, sw Rwanda, Burundi, w,c
Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, to ne Namibia, s
Angola, Zimbabwe, n,e Botswana and n,e S. Africa.
Merops pusillus LITTLE BEE-EATER.
Riparian grassland, forest edge, acacia steppe.
From sw Mauritania, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau
e to Nigeria and e across s Mali, Burkina Faso,
s Niger, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep.
and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia, and s to s Angola, ne Namibia,
n,e Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and e S. Africa.
Recorded in all subSaharan African countries
except Djibouti and Equatorial Guinea.
Merops variegatus BLUE-BREASTED
BEE-EATER. Wet grasslands, forest edge, lake shores, swamps, reedbeds.
Highlands in se Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea; from se Nigeria, c Cameroon,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s C. African Rep., n Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda,
Burundi, w,c Kenya and Zambia to c Angola.
Merops oreobates CINNAMON-CHESTED
BEE-EATER. Forest edge, open scrub, grassy areas, farmlands, towns.
Highlands to 2600 m in e Zaire, Uganda, se Sudan and sc Ethiopia s to Rwanda,
Burundi, c Tanzania and w,c,se Kenya.
Merops hirundineus SWALLOW-TAILED
BEE-EATER. Woodland, shrubby grassland, farmlands. In Senegambia,
s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast,
Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and s Sudan
to w Ethiopia, ne Zaire, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique,
Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia and s Angola (exc. forested w,c) to s S. Africa,
except sw Cape Prov., e Orange Free State and s,c Transvaal.
Merops breweri BLACK-HEADED BEE-EATER.
Forest edge along rivers. In Ghana, Nigeria, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda,
C. African Rep., s Sudan and sw,c,n,ne Zaire.
Merops revoilii SOMALI BEE-EATER.
Desert, arid scrub. In c,e Ethiopia, Somalia, n,se Kenya and Tanzania.
Merops albicollis WHITE-THROATED
BEE-EATER. Semi-desert, arid scrub, steppe. In s Mauritania, s Mali,
Senegambia, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia,
Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Niger, Nigeria,
Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., c Chad, c Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia
and sw Arabia s in w Africa to Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Cabinda,
cw,n,ne Zaire and in e Africa to Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and n Tanzania.
Highly migratory; breeding known from n Senegambia, Mauritania, Mali, Niger,
Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Yemen, Kenya
and possibly Uganda.
Merops orientalis LITTLE GREEN BEE-EATER
or GREEN BEE-EATER. Arid steppe, thorn bush, dense second growth,
wooded hillsides, towns, swamps. In sw Mauritania, Senegambia, s
Mali, Burkina Faso, s Niger, Ivory Coast, Benin, n Nigeria, n Cameroon,
s Chad, n C.African Rep., and s Sudan and Uganda to nw Ethiopia, Eritrea
and n in the Nile Valley through Egypt. Lowlands to 1500 m from s
Israel, Arabia e through se Iran, Pakistan and India to sw China, Burma,
Thailand and Indochina.
Merops boehmi BOEHM'S BEE-EATER.
Humid forest. Tanzania s through se Zaire, Zambia and Malawi to c
Mozambique.
Merops viridis BLUE-THROATED BEE-EATER.
Open woodland, towns, forest. Lowlands
to 1800 m from s China s through Thailand and
Indochina to Malaya, Sumatra, Borneo, Java and Philippines.
Merops persicus BLUE-CHEEKED BEE-EATER.
Open country, arid scrub, semi-desert, steppe, farmlands. Locally
in s Morocco, n Algeria, Tunisia and w Libya; sporadically in subSaharan
w Africa in Mauritania, Mali, Senegambia, Nigeria, L. Chad basin; Sudan,
Djibouti
and from ne Egypt, Near East and n Arabia e through
Middle East, s Russia and s to Pakistan and nw India. Closely related
to superciliosus and sometimes considered conspecific.
Dowsett and Dowsett-Lemaire (1993) support persicus,
superciliosus and philippinus as separate species.
Merops superciliosus MADAGASCAR BEE-EATER.
Open country, swamps, reedbeds, farmlands. In S Sudan, Ethiopia,
Somalia, Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi,
sw Angola and extreme nw Namibia, ne Botswana, n Zimbabwe, se Mozambique
and extreme ne S. Africa; Madagascar; Comoro Is.
Merops philippinus BLUE-TAILED BEE-EATER.
Open woodland, scrub, mangroves, open country, especially near water.
Lowlands to 1500 m from ne Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka e through Nepal,
Burma and Thailand to s China and s to Indochina and Malaya; Sulawesi;
coastal lowlands of n,s New Guinea from Lake Sentani to Collingwood Bay;
from Princess Marianne straits to Fly R.; Bismarck Arch. on Long I. and
New Britain; Philippines, locally.
Often considered conspecific with superciliosus
or persicus, but probably more closely related to superciliosus.
These allopatric populations are best treated
as separate species.
Merops ornatus RAINBOW BEE-EATER.
Open country, mangroves, woodland, forest, especially near water.
Mainland Australia, except extreme se,sw; locally on Moa I. in the Lesser
Sundas and New Guinea in the Sepik-Ramu R. and Port Moresby areas.
Merops apiaster EUROPEAN BEE-EATER.
Open country, woodland, orchards, desert oases, farmlands. From n
Mediterranean region n to Iberian Pen., s France, Netherlands, Switzerland,
Romania and Hungary, incl. most islands, s to nw Africa from Morocco to
nw Libya, and e through Turkey, wc,s Russia, se to Aral Sea region and
e to Kazakhstan and Turkestan, Near East, Iran, Iraq and ne Arabia to w
Pakistan, n India (Kashmir) and extreme sw Siberia (Altai), with sporadic
breeding n to n France, Scotland, Germany, Denmark, Poland, c Russia and
probably Finland.
A small population breeds occasionally in Namibia
and S. Africa during the southern hemisphere summer and winters in
central Africa from 15°S latitude north to the Equator. European
and Asian breeding birds winter in Africa south to Cape Town.
Merops leschenaulti CHESTNUT-HEADED
BEE-EATER. Open woodland, open country, especially near water.
Lowlands to 1800 m from India and sw China s through se Asia to Andaman
Is., Sumatra, Java and Bali.
Merops malimbicus ROSY BEE-EATER.
Humid forest, edge, especially along larger rivers. Lowlands in Ivory
Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, sw Cameroon and sw C.
African Rep., Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Congo s to Cabinda and sw,c,nw,nc
Zaire.
Merops nubicus NORTHERN CARMINE
BEE-EATER. Open woodland, savanna, arid acacia steppe, grasslands.
Senegambia, Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra
Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, s Niger, s Chad
and s Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea and s Somalia, and s to sw Cameroon, C.
African Rep., ne Zaire, Uganda, Kenya and ne Tanzania.
Merops nubicoides SOUTHERN CARMINE
BEE-EATER. Open woodland, savanna, arid acacia steppe, grasslands.
N Angola, sw,sc,ce Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya and w,s Tanzania
s to Zambia, Malawi, ne Namibia, n,e Botswana,
Zimbabwe, Mozambique and e S. Africa.
Often treated as a subspecies of M. nubicus.
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