Order PSITTACIFORMES
Family PSITTACIDAE - 2:

Lathamus discolor  SWIFT PARROT.  Eucalyptus woodland, towns, grasslands.  Tasmania, including Furneaux Is.; reported breeding in s Victoria unconfirmed.

Melopsittacus undulatus  BUDGERIGAR.  Grasslands, spinifex, mallee, mulga, riverine woodland, farmlands.  Arid parts of Australia, rarely to coastal areas and Kangaroo I.
Intro. wc Florida, U.S.A.

Pezoporus wallicus  GROUND PARROT.  Swampy heath, coastal and subalpine grassy flats and slopes, occasionally grasslands and pastures.  Locally in coastal areas in s W. Australia, and from se Queensland s to s Victoria, incl. coastal Tasmania and Hunter I. in Bass Strait.
Geopsittacus occidentalis  NIGHT PARROT.  (Pezoporus)  Spinifex in stony or sandy areas, samphire flats, margins of salt lakes and rivers, possibly saltbush.  Formerly arid int. Australia, possibly coastal nw W. Australia.  Seven recent, and probably authentic, sightings near Cloncurry in nw Queensland reported in Emu 93:292, 1993.  In 1990 a road-killed bird was found at Boulia, nw Queensland (Boles, et al. 1994. Emu 94:37-40).

Strigops habroptilus  KAKAPO.  Forest, scrubby snow tussock meadows.  Nearing extinction, formerly lowlands and mts. to 1250 m of New Zealand; surviving in small numbers on Stewart I. and in Fiordland near Milford Sound on the sw side of the S. Island of New Zealand.
*Mascarinus mascarinus  MASCARENE PARROT.  Extinct; formerly on Réunion and possibly Mauritius in the w Mascarene Is.  Known from two specimens; last living bird died in captivity in 1834.
Coracopsis vasa  VASA PARROT.  Forest, savanna.  Madagascar region in hills above 300 m
of Comoro Is.(Grand Comoro, Mohéli, Anjouan); and lowlands to 1000 m of Madagascar.

Coracopsis nigra  BLACK PARROT.  Dense woodland, brushy areas, mangroves.  Lowlands in Comoro Is. (Grand Comoro, Anjouan), Madagascar and n Seychelles (Praslin).
Psittacus erithacus  GREY PARROT.  Humid forest, savanna woodland, mangroves, villages.
In Guinea-Bissau, s Mali, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, s Cameroon, Fernando Po and Príncipe islands, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. Afr. Rep., n Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, w Kenya, nw Tanzania, s to sw,ec Zaire and Angola.
Poicephalus robustus  BROWN-NECKED PARROT.  Forest, mangroves, farmlands.

The three forms are allopatric and may be separate species.

 P. r. fuscicollis.  Drier lowlands below 1250 m in Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Ivory Coast and n Ghana.
 P. r. suahelicus.  In s,e Zaire, sw Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, c Tanzania, Malawi, s Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, extreme ne S. Africa, n Botswana, Angola and n Namibia.
 P. r. robustus.  CAPE PARROT.  Montane and coastal forest of e S. Africa from ec Transvaal to e Cape Province.

Poicephalus gulielmi  RED-FRONTED PARROT.  Forest.  Lowlands and mts. to 3500 m in Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, s Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep., n,ne Zaire, Uganda, c Kenya, n Tanzania, n Angola and sc Zaire.
Poicephalus senegalus  SENEGAL PARROT.  Savannah woodland, open forest, farmlands.  In Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, s Mauritania, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon and sw Chad.
Poicephalus crassus  NIAM-NIAM PARROT.  Forest, savannah woodland.  In sw Chad, C. African Rep. to extreme n Zaire and sw Sudan.
Poicephalus meyeri  MEYER'S PARROT.  Savanna, riparian woodland, second growth, acacia scrub, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1250 m in L. Chad area, C. African Rep., ne,ce,sc Zaire and n Angola e to c Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, s through Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, w,s Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Zambia to n Namibia, n,e Botswana, n S. Africa, Zimbabwe and extreme cw Mozambique.

Poicephalus flavifrons  YELLOW-FRONTED PARROT.  Cedar-podocarp and Higenia forest.  Mts., 1000-3000 m, of n,c,sw Ethiopia.
Poicephalus rufiventris  RED-BELLIED PARROT.  Dry thornbush, acacia scrub, savanna, arid plains. Lowlands to 2000 m in Ethiopia and Somalia s through Kenya to cn Tanzania.
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus  BROWN-HEADED PARROT.  Dry woodland, acacia scrub.  Lowlands to 1000 m from coastal se Kenya s through e Tanzania and Mozambique to e S. Africa, and inland to int. Tanzania, Malawi and se Zimbabwe.
Poicephalus rueppellii  RUEPPELL'S PARROT.  Riparian woodland, open dry forest.  Lowlands to 1250 m from w Angola s to c Namibia.

Agapornis canus  GREY-HEADED LOVEBIRD.  Forest edge, brush, grasslands, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1000 m of Madagascar.  Intro. Mascarene, Comoro islands and Seychelles.
Agapornis pullarius  RED-HEADED LOVEBIRD.  Second growth, open woodland, savanna, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1400 m in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea islands, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, s Chad, C. African Rep., s Sudan and cw Ethiopia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, nw Tanzania and s to nw Angola, sw,sc,ce Zaire.
Agapornis taranta  BLACK-WINGED LOVEBIRD.  Forest.  Highlands, 1300-3200 m, of n,c,w Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Agapornis swindernianus  BLACK-COLLARED LOVEBIRD.  Humid forest.  Locally in lowlands to 1800 m in Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, C. African Rep. and nw,nc,ne,ce Zaire to w Uganda.

Agapornis roseicollis  ROSY-FACED LOVEBIRD.  Dry open country, savanna.  Lowlands to 1600 m in cw,sw Angola, Namibia (exc. ne) and nw S. Africa in n Cape Prov.
Agapornis fischeri  FISCHER'S LOVEBIRD.  Acacia grassland, savanna, farmlands.  Highlands 1100-1700 m, in Kenya and nw,cn Tanzania.  Intro. coastal ne Tanzania and s Kenya.
Agapornis personatus  YELLOW-COLLARED LOVEBIRD.  Acacia grasslands, savanna.  Highlands, 1100-1700 m, in Burundi, Kenya and ne,c,sc Tanzania.  Intro. coastal Tanzania, sc Kenya.
Agapornis lilianae  LILIAN'S LOVEBIRD.  Mopane and acacia woodland, mostly in river valleys.  Lowlands, 600-1000 m, in s Tanzania, Malawi, e Zambia, n Zimbabwe and nw Mozambique.

Agapornis nigrigenis  BLACK-CHEEKED LOVEBIRD.  Mopane woodland in river valleys.  Lowlands, 600-1000 m, in sw Zambia.  Sometimes treated as a race of A. lilianae.
Loriculus vernalis  VERNAL HANGING-PARROT.  Open forest, woodland, jungle thickets, bamboo, second growth.  Lowlands and mts. to 2000 m in c,s,e India, Andaman and Nicobar is., Burma and Indochina.
Loriculus beryllinus  CEYLON HANGING-PARROT.  Woodland, towns.  Lowlands and mts. to 1600 m of Sri Lanka.
Loriculus philippensis  COLASISI or PHILIPPINE HANGING-PARROT.  Forest, second growth, woodland, bamboo, farmlands.  Lowlands and mts. to 2500 m of Philippines including Sulu Archipelago.

Loriculus galgulus  BLUE-CROWNED HANGING-PARROT.  Open woodland, bamboo, orchards, towns.  Lowlands to 1250 m in Malay Pen., Sumatra and Borneo.
Loriculus stigmatus  SULAWESI HANGING-PARROT.  Open country, woodland, villages.  Lowlands to 800 m of Sulawesi and nearby islands.
Loriculus amabilis  MOLUCCAN HANGING-PARROT.  Forest edge, second growth, towns.  Wallacea on is. off e,ne Sulawesi (Peleng, Banggai, Sula, Sangihe) and n Moluccas (Halmahera, Bacan).
Loriculus catamene  SANGIHE HANGING-PARROT.  Forest edge, second growth, towns.  Sangihe Is. on Great Sangi.  May be conspecific with L. stigmatus.

Loriculus aurantiifrons  ORANGE-FRONTED HANGING-PARROT.  Forest.  Locally in lowlands to 1200 m in w Papuan is., New Guinea and D'Entrecasteaux Arch.
Loriculus tener  GREEN-FRONTED HANGING-PARROT.  Forest.  Bismarck Arch. on New Hanover, New Ireland, New Britain and Duke of York islands.  Sometimes treated as a race of L. aurantiifrons.
Loriculus exilis  RED-BILLED HANGING-PARROT or PYGMY HANGING-PARROT.  Forest, woodland, mangroves.  Lowlands to at least 800 m of n,e,se Sulawesi.
Loriculus pusillus  YELLOW-THROATED HANGING-PARROT.  Forest, edge.  Lowlands and mts. to 1850 m in Java and Bali.

Loriculus flosculus  WALLACE'S HANGING-PARROT.  Humid forest.  Flores, Lesser Sunda Islands.  Known from three specimens and thought to be extinct, but rediscovered in the Selah Legium forest on w Flores Island in the Lesser Sundas (World Birdwatch 15(4):5).
Psittacula eupatria  ALEXANDRINE PARAKEET.  Forest, woodland, farmlands, mangroves.  Lowlands and mts. to 1800 m from e Afghanistan and Pakistan e through India, Burma and Thailand to Cambodia, c,s Laos, c Vietnam and Andaman Is.  Intro. cs Iran.
*Psittacula wardi  SEYCHELLES PARAKEET. Extinct.  Last reported in 1881, definitely gone by 1906; formerly Seychelles on Mahé, Silhouette.  Extinction probably caused by forest destruction. Sometimes treated as a race of P. eupatria.

Psittacula krameri  ROSE-RINGED PARAKEET.  Open woodland, savanna, farmlands.  In s Mauritania, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, s Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Liberia, c Ivory Coast, s Ghana, Togo, s Benin, s Niger, c Nigeria, n Cameroon, n C. Afr. Rep., s Chad and c,s Sudan e to nw Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, n,se Somalia, ne Zaire, nw Uganda.  Lowlands to 1800 m from Afghanistan and Pakistan e through India to Burma.  Intro. Egypt, Kenya, s,e Africa, Mascarene Is., Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Hawaiian Is., se Florida in the U.S.A.; possibly elsewhere.
Psittacula echo  MAURITIUS PARAKEET.  Scrub forest.  Mauritius I.; possibly formerly Réunion.  Sometimes treated as a race of P. krameri.
*Psittacula exsul  NEWTON'S PARAKEET.  Forest.  Extinct; formerly Rodrigues I., e Mascarene Is.

Psittacula himalayana  SLATY-HEADED PARAKEET.  Forest, second growth.  Himalayas to 2500 m in e Afghanistan, n Pakistan and n India.
Psittacula finschii  GREY-HEADED PARAKEET.  Forest, second growth, orchards.  Foothills and mts. to 3600 m in n,e India, sw China, Burma, nw,ne,sw Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.  Sometimes considered to be conspecific with himalayana, but they overlap in Nepal and e India, apparently without interbreeding.
Psittacula intermedia  INTERMEDIATE PARAKEET.  Presumably forest.  Specimens apparently came from n India in the Himalayas.  Often treated as a hybrid between himalayana and cyanocephala, but is a good species sympatric with himalayana.

Psittacula cyanocephala  PLUM-HEADED PARAKEET.  Open scrub, deciduous woodland, open forest, farmlands.  Lowlands and mts. to 1800 m in ne Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka.
Psittacula roseata  BLOSSOM-HEADED PARAKEET.  Forest, second growth, farmlands.  Lowlands to 900 m in e India, s China, Burma, nw,ne,sw Thailand, Cambodia, c,s Laos and c,s Vietnam.
Psittacula columboides  MALABAR PARAKEET.  Humid forest, woodland.  Lowlands to 1500 m of sw India.
Psittacula calthropae  LAYARD'S PARAKEET.  Forest, woodland.  Lowlands to 2000 m of Sri Lanka.
Psittacula derbiana  DERBYAN PARAKEET.  Pine and rhododendron forest.  Himalayas, 2800-4000 m, of sw China, se Tibet.

Psittacula alexandri  RED-BREASTED PARAKEET.  Forest, second growth, mangroves.  Lowlands to 1500 m from n,e India, Burma and s China s through Indochina to Andaman Is., and islands off Sumatra, Java and Bali.  Intro. in s Borneo.
Psittacula caniceps  NICOBAR PARAKEET.  Forest, woodland.  Nicobar Is.
Psittacula longicauda  LONG-TAILED PARAKEET or PINK-CHEEKED PARAKEET.  Forest, woodland, palm groves, second growth.  Lowlands to 350 m in Andaman and Nicobar is., Malaya, Sumatra (incl. nearby islands) and Borneo.
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus  HYACINTH MACAW.  Swamps, forest, palm groves.  Lowlands in extreme e Bolivia (e Santa Cruz) and int. Brazil from Rio Tapajós e to Pará, Maranhão and Piauí, and s through Goiás and w Bahia to Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais, and n Paraguay.

Anodorhynchus leari  INDIGO MACAW.  Arid canyons, caatinga.  Plateau region of ne Brazil.
*Anodorhynchus glaucus  GLAUCOUS MACAW.  Forest, palm groves.  Probably extinct, last recorded 1915; formerly lowlands in Paraguay, nw Uruguay, extreme se Brazil and ne Argentina.
*Cyanopsitta spixii  LITTLE BLUE MACAW.  Palm groves.  Formerly lowlands of e Brazil.  Extinct in the wild but survives in captivity.
Ara ararauna  BLUE-AND-YELLOW MACAW.  Forest, savanna, swamps, riverine woodland.  Lowlands to 500 m in e Panama, and from n,e Colombia, s Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia, Paraguay and c,e Brazil.

Ara glaucogularis  BLUE-THROATED MACAW.  Probably riverine forest, chaco.  In e Bolivia, Paraguay and n Argentina.  Rare, but rediscovered in Bolivia in 1992 (Cotinga, vol. 1, Feb. 1994).
Ara militaris  MILITARY MACAW.  Dry forest, open woodland, pine-oak forest, riverine woodland.  Lowlands and mts. to 2500 m from se Sonora, sw Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Nayarit, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, s Nuevo León and c Tamaulipas s to México, Guerrero, Oaxaca and Chiapas; extirpated in most n portions of range.  Locally in Colombia, n Venezuela, e Ecuador, nw,ne Peru, e,se Bolivia and nw Argentina.
Ara ambigua  GREAT GREEN MACAW.  Humid forest, edge, farmlands.  Lowlands to 600 m on Caribbean slope of e Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, both slopes of Panama, and nw Colombia; w Ecuador, possibly sw Colombia.  May be conspecific with militaris.

Ara macao  SCARLET MACAW.  Forest edge, open woodland, savanna, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1100 m from Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas and s Campeche s to Panama, and from n,e Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, e of the Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,c Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Ara chloropterus  RED-AND-GREEN MACAW.  Humid forest.  Lowlands and foothills to 1400 m in e Panama, and from nw,n,e Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and n,e,c Brazil to Paraguay and n Argentina.
*Ara cubensis  CUBAN MACAW.  Forest edge, open country with scattered trees, palm groves.  Extinct; formerly Cuba, possibly Isle of Pines.  Last specimen taken in 1864.
*Ara tricolor  HISPANIOLAN MACAW.  Presumably forest edge.  Extinct. Last reported in 1820; formerly Hispaniola.

Ara rubrogenys  RED-FRONTED MACAW.  Riverine forest, scrub.  Andean valleys, 1300-2400 m of c Bolivia in se Cochabamba, w Santa Cruz, ne Potosí and nw Chuquisaca.
Ara severa  CHESTNUT-FRONTED MACAW.  Forest, woodland, swamps.  Lowlands to 1000 m in e Panama, nw,n,e Colombia, w Venezuela, Guianas, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian n,c Brazil.
Ara manilata  RED-BELLIED MACAW.  Savanna, swamps, palm groves, towns, woodland.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia, n,se Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian,c Brazil.
Ara couloni  BLUE-HEADED MACAW.  Forest, especially cut-over areas.  In e Peru, n Bolivia and adjacent w Amazonian Brazil.

Ara maracana  BLUE-WINGED MACAW.  Forest, generally near water.  Lowlands in e Brazil, Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Ara auricollis  YELLOW-COLLARED MACAW.  Swamps, forest.  From n,e,se Bolivia and nw Argentina e through Paraguay to sc Brazil.
Ara nobilis  RED-SHOULDERED MACAW.  Forest, edge, savanna, woodland.  Lowlands in e Venezuela, Guyana, Surinam, extreme se Peru, n Bolivia and n,e Brazil.
Aratinga acuticaudata  BLUE-CROWNED PARAKEET.  Arid savanna, thickets, farmlands.  Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes in ne,e Colombia and n Venezuela; lowlands and mts. to 2650 m from e,se Bolivia, Paraguay and e,c Brazil s to Uruguay and n Argentina.
Aratinga guarouba  GOLDEN PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of ne Brazil.

Aratinga holochlora  GREEN PARAKEET.  Open woodland, pine forest, humid forest, farmlands.  Lowlands and mts. to 2200 m in sw Chihuahua, ne Sinaloa, s Sonora, and from s Nuevo León and Tamaulipas s to Guanajuato, México, Puebla, Oaxaca, Veracruz and Chiapas; Socorro I. in the Revillagigedo Is.; mts., 900-2600 m, in c,e Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, n Nicaragua.  Occurs in sympatry with strenua in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador, hence they are separate species.
Aratinga strenua  PACIFIC PARAKEET.  Open woodland, pine forest, arid scrub, farmlands.  Pacific slope from Oaxaca and Chiapas s through n C. America to sw Nicaragua.  See A. holochlora.
Aratinga wagleri  SCARLET-FRONTED PARAKEET.  Humid forest, edge, farmlands, orchards.

 The two subspecies groups may be separate species.

A. w. wagleri.  Mts., 1000-3000 m, of Colombia and n Venezuela.
A. w. frontata.  Mts., 1000-3000 m, of w Ecuador and nw,e,se Peru.

Aratinga mitrata  MITRED PARAKEET.  Humid forest, edge, farmlands.  Andes, 1000-2600 m, in c,se Peru, c,se Bolivia and nw Argentina; and in Andes, 2800-3400 m, of c Peru.  The population in the Andes of c Peru, A. m. alticola, may be a separate species.
Aratinga erythrogenys  RED-MASKED PARAKEET.  Dry forest, edge, farmlands.  Arid zone in w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Aratinga finschi  CRIMSON-FRONTED PARAKEET.  Open humid woodland, forest edge, farmlands.  Lowlands in se Nicaragua, Costa Rica and w Panama.
Aratinga leucophthalmus  WHITE-EYED PARAKEET.  Mangroves, palm groves, open forest, savanna, farmlands.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s through e Ecuador, e Peru and Brazil to Bolivia, Paraguay, n Uruguay and n Argentina.

Aratinga euops  CUBAN PARAKEET.  Heavy forest, open country.  Cuba and the I. of Pines.
Aratinga chloroptera  HISPANIOLAN PARAKEET.  Forest, open woodland, second growth.  Mts. of Hispaniola; formerly Mona I. and probably Puerto Rico before 1883.
Aratinga solstitialis  SUN PARAKEET.  Open forest, savanna, palm groves.  Lowlands to 1200
m of extreme se Venezuela, Guianas and ne Brazil.
Aratinga jandaya  JANDAYA PARAKEET.  Forest, edge, palm groves.  Lowlands of ne Brazil.
Aratinga auricapilla  GOLDEN-CAPPED PARAKEET.  Forest, open woodland, savanna.  Lowlands of e Brazil from Bahia s to Rio Grande do Sul.

Aratinga weddellii  DUSKY-HEADED PARAKEET.  Forest, savanna, woodland, usually near water.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia s through e Ecuador, e Peru and Amazonian Brazil to n Bolivia.
Aratinga nana  OLIVE-THROATED PARAKEET.  Forest, scrub, second growth, farmlands, woodland.  Lowlands and to 1100 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from s Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Yucatán Pen. s to extreme w Panama; Jamaica.
Aratinga canicularis  ORANGE-FRONTED PARAKEET.  Deciduous forest, edge, open woodland, arid scrub, swamps, towns.  Lowlands to 1500 m on Pacific slope from c Sinaloa and w Durango s to nw Costa Rica; Caribbean slope of Honduras.
Aratinga aurea  PEACH-FRONTED PARAKEET.  Savanna, deciduous woodland, open country, farmlands.  Lowlands e of Andes from extreme se Peru, Brazil s to n,e Bolivia, n Argentina and n Paraguay.

Aratinga pertinax  BROWN-THROATED PARAKEET.  Arid scrub, semi-desert, mangrove, savanna, farmlands, woodland.  Lowlands of w Panama; lowlands to 1600 m in n,e Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas and n Brazil.  Intro. Virgin Is., recently spreading to e Puerto Rico, Culebra I. and St. John.
Aratinga cactorum  CAATINGA PARAKEET.  Deciduous thorn scrub, caatinga, open woodland, savanna.  Lowlands of e Brazil.
Nandayus nenday  NANDAY PARAKEET.  Savanna, palm groves, farmlands.  In se Bolivia, sw Brazil, Paraguay and n Argentina.  Introduced in Florida, but not certainly established.
Leptosittaca branickii  GOLDEN-PLUMED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Andes, 1800-3500 m in c Colombia, sw Ecuador and c Peru.

Ognorhynchus icterotis  YELLOW-EARED PARROT.  Forest, wax palms.  Andes, 2000-3400 m in Colombia and n Ecuador.
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha  THICK-BILLED PARROT.  Pine-oak forest.  Mts., 1500-3400 m in Sierra Madre de Occidental in Chihuahua, Durango, probably elsewhere.  Formerly ranged n to s Arizona and s to c Mexico.

Snyder, et al. (1994. Condor 96:845-862) reviewed the results of experimental releases in Arizona since 1986.  Wild-caught adults survived well and some reproduced in the wild.  Captive-raised birds had poor survival rates.

Rhynchopsitta terrisi  MAROON-FRONTED PARROT.  Pine-oak forest.  Mts., 1800-3100 m, in Sierra Madre Oriental in se Coahuila, Nuevo León and w Tamaulipas.
*Conuropsis carolinensis  CAROLINA PARAKEET.  Extinct.  Last specimen 1913; last captive died in 1918.  Riverine forest, cypress swamp, deciduous woodland, farmlands. Formerly from e Nebraska, Iowa, se Wisconsin, s Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and c New York s to s Oklahoma, Louisiana, Gulf states and c Florida.  An agricultural pest -- it was killed in great numbers and habitat was destroyed.
Cyanoliseus patagonus  BURROWING PARAKEET.  Open country, woodland, savanna, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1900 m in Chile and Argentina.

Pyrrhura cruentata  BLUE-THROATED PARAKEET.  Forest.  Lowlands of e Brazil.
Pyrrhura devillei  BLAZE-WINGED PARAKEET.  Forest.  In e Bolivia, n Paraguay and sw Brazil.  Hybridizes with P. frontalis in n Paraguay and they may be conspecific.
Pyrrhura frontalis  MAROON-BELLIED PARAKEET.  Forest.  In se Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and n Argentina.
Pyrrhura perlata  PEARLY PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of e Amazonian Brazil.
Pyrrhura rhodogaster  CRIMSON-BELLIED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands in c Amazonian Brazil and n,e Bolivia in Beni and Santa Cruz.

Pyrrhura molinae  GREEN-CHEEKED PARAKEET.  Forest.  Lowlands and mts. to 2000 in Bolivia, nw Argentina and sw Brazil.
Pyrrhura picta  PAINTED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of wc Panama; lowlands to 2000 m from n Colombia, nw,s Venezuela and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador, Amazonian, n Brazil and se Peru to n Bolivia.
Pyrrhura leucotis  WHITE-EARED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of n Venezuela; e Brazil.
Pyrrhura viridicata  SANTA MARTA PARAKEET.  Forest, grassy scrub.  Mts., 2000-2500 m, of ne Colombia.
Pyrrhura egregia  FIERY-SHOULDERED PARAKEET.  Forest.  Pantepui region, 700-1800 m, in se Venezuela, Guyana and Surinam.

Pyrrhura melanura  MAROON-TAILED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of c Colombia; lowlands to 1950 m from Colombia and s Venezuela s, w of Andes to nw Ecuador and e of Andes through e Ecuador and ne Peru to w Amazonian Brazil; e Peru.
Pyrrhura orcesi  EL ORO PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Andean foothills, 600-1000 m, of w Ecuador.
Pyrrhura rupicola  BLACK-CAPPED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 300 m in e Peru, n Bolivia and extreme w Amazonian Brazil.
Pyrrhura albipectus  WHITE-NECKED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands of e Ecuador.
Pyrrhura calliptera  BROWN-BREASTED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  E. Andes, 1700-3400 m, of ec Colombia.

Pyrrhura hoematotis  RED-EARED PARAKEET.  Humid forest, savanna woodland.  Mts., 1200-2000 m, of n Venezuela.
Pyrrhura rhodocephala  ROSE-HEADED PARAKEET.  Humid forest.  Mts., 800-3050 m, of w Venezuela.
Pyrrhura hoffmanni  SULPHUR-WINGED PARAKEET.  Humid forest, second growth.  Mts., 700-3000 m, in Costa Rica and w Panama.
Enicognathus ferrugineus  AUSTRAL PARAKEET.  Forest, towns, open country.  Lowlands in s Chile and s Argentina.
Enicognathus leptorhynchus  SLENDER-BILLED PARAKEET.  Forest, semi-open country, farmlands.  Lowlands of c Chile.

Myiopsitta monachus  MONK PARAKEET.  Open forest, riverine woodland, acacia scrub, palm groves, orchards, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1560 m in e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, s Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.  Intro. Bahamas, Puerto Rico, e N. America.  Introduced in the southeastern U.S. and Puerto Rico; present but not established in elsewhere in northeastern North America.
Bolborhynchus aymara  GREY-HOODED PARAKEET.  Dry shrubby areas, scrub.  Andes, 1700-4000 m, in Bolivia, n Chile and nw Argentina.
Bolborhynchus aurifrons  MOUNTAIN PARAKEET.  Steppe, open shrubby areas, towns, woodland, farmlands.  Locally in lowlands and mts. to 4000 m in Peru, c,sw Bolivia, n Chile and w Argentina.
Bolborhynchus lineola  BARRED PARAKEET.  Humid forest, open woodland, savanna.  Locally in highlands, 750-3000 m, from Guerrero, Veracruz and Chiapas s through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to w Panama; Andes, 1600-2600 m, in Colombia, w Venezuela, n Ecuador and c Peru.

Bolborhynchus orbygnesius  ANDEAN PARAKEET.  Bushy areas, scrubby slopes.  Andes, 1200-6250 m, in Peru and cw Bolivia.
Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons  RUFOUS-FRONTED PARAKEET.  Scrubby slopes.  C. Andes, 3000-3800 m, of w Colombia.
Forpus cyanopygius  MEXICAN PARROTLET.  Thorn forest, open woodland, savanna, thorn scrub.  Lowlands to 1320 m in s Sonora, Sinaloa, w Durango, Zacatecas, Nayarit (incl. Tres Marías Is.), Jalisco and Colima.
Forpus passerinus  GREEN-RUMPED PARROTLET.  Savanna, open woodland, dry forest, edge, acacia scrub, mangroves, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1800 m in ne Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and Amazonian Brazil.  Intro. Jamaica, Barbados.

Forpus xanthopterygius  BLUE-WINGED PARROTLET.  Dry savanna, scrub, riparian woodland, towns, orchards, farmlands.  Lowlands to 500 m from n,e Colombia, ne Peru and Amazonian,c,e,se Brazil, s to n,e Bolivia, Paraguay and ne Argentina.  Sometimes treated as a race of F. passerinus.
Forpus conspicillatus  SPECTACLED PARROTLET.  Open woodland, forest edge, savanna, thornbush.  Locally in lowlands to 2000 m in e Panama, w,n,e Colombia and sw Venezuela.
Forpus sclateri  DUSKY-BILLED PARROTLET.  Riverine forest, edge, second growth.  Lowlands to 500 m in nc,sc Venezuela, Guyana and French Guiana; to 500 m e of Andes in e Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru, Amazonian Brazil and n Bolivia.
Forpus coelestis  PACIFIC PARROTLET.  Dry scrub, second growth, farmlands, dry forest.  Lowlands on Pacific slope of Ecuador and nw Peru.

Forpus xanthops  YELLOW-FACED PARROTLET.  Open dry scrub.  Highlands, 1700-1750 m, of n Peru.  Sometimes considered conspecific with coelestis.
Brotogeris tirica  PLAIN PARAKEET.  Open country, woodland, palm groves, towns.  Lowlands of e,se Brazil.
Brotogeris versicolurus  CANARY-WINGED PARAKEET.  Open forest, edge, woodland, scrub, savanna.  Lowlands to 300 m from extreme se Colombia, e Ecuador and French Guiana s to e Peru, Amazonian Brazil and e Paraguay.  Intro. s Calif., wc,se Florida, Puerto Rico, w Peru.
Brotogeris chiriri  YELLOW-CHEVRONED PARAKEET.  Open forest, edge, woodland, scrub, savanna.  Lowlands to 1560 m from n,e Bolivia and nw Argentina e through c,s Brazil and e Paraguay to ne Argentina.  Often considered to be a race of B. versicolurus, but they are apparently sympatric in e Pará, Brazil.  Introduced but not certainly established in southern Florida.

Brotogeris pyrrhopterus  GREY-CHEEKED PARAKEET.  Arid scrub.  Lowlands in w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Brotogeris jugularis  ORANGE-CHINNED PARAKEET. Open woodland, second growth, forest edge, arid scrub.  Pacific lowlands to 1400 m in sw Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, n Colombia and w Venezuela.
Brotogeris cyanoptera  COBALT-WINGED PARAKEET.  Savanna, woodland.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador to Amazonian Peru, w Amazonian Brazil and n,e Bolivia; n Peru.  Includes gustavi, which may be a separate species, but intermediates occur in the lower Huallaga valley of n Peru.
Brotogeris chrysopterus  GOLDEN-WINGED PARAKEET.  Forest, edge, savanna.  Lowlands to 1200 m in e Venezuela, Guianas and e,c Amazonian Brazil.

Brotogeris sanctithomae  TUI PARAKEET.  Second growth, swamps, riverine woodland.  Lowlands to 100 m in se Colombia, ne Peru, w Amazonian Brazil and n Bolivia.
Nannopsittaca panychlora  TEPUI PARROTLET.  Humid forest.  Pantepui, 750-1850 m, in s Venezuela and w Guyana; ne Venezuela.
Nannopsittaca dachilleae  AMAZONIAN PARROTLET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands in se Peru and nw Bolivia.  A distinct species that seems to be an allospecies of N. panychlora.  See Auk 108:225, 1991.
Touit batavica  LILAC-TAILED PARROTLET.  Forest, second growth.  Lowlands to 1700 m in w,n,se Venezuela, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago.

Touit huetii  SCARLET-SHOULDERED PARROTLET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes from se Colombia, e,s Venezuela, and Guyana s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and n Brazil.
Touit costaricensis  RED-FRONTED PARROTLET.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1250 m (ranges up to 3000 m) in Costa Rica and w Panama.  Sometimes treated as a race of T. dilectissima.
Touit dilectissima  BLUE-FRONTED PARROTLET.  Humid forest, open woodland.  Lowlands to 1720 m in e Panama, w,ne Colombia, nw Venezuela and nw Ecuador.
Touit purpurata  SAPPHIRE-RUMPED PARROTLET.  Savanna, forest.  Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s to n Brazil.

Touit melanonota  BROWN-BACKED PARROTLET.  Forest.  Coastal lowlands of e Brazil.
Touit surda  GOLDEN-TAILED PARROTLET.  Forest.  Coastal lowlands and adjacent highlands of e Brazil.
Touit stictoptera  SPOT-WINGED PARROTLET.  Forest.  Locally in mts., 600-2300 m, in Colombia, Ecuador and n Peru.
Pionites melanocephala  BLACK-HEADED PARROT.  Forest, savanna.  Lowlands to 1100 m e of Andes from se Colombia, s,ne Venezuela and Guianas s to e Ecuador, ne Peru and n Brazil.
Pionites leucogaster  WHITE-BELLIED PARROT.  Forest.  Lowlands e of Andes in e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.

Pionopsitta pileata  PILEATED PARROT.  Humid forest, orchards.  Lowlands in se Brazil, Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Pionopsitta haematotis  BROWN-HOODED PARROT.  Humid forest, edge, woodland.  Lowlands and mts. to 3100 m from s Mexico s on Gulf-Caribbean slope of C. America to Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, and nw Colombia.
Pionopsitta pulchra  ROSE-FACED PARROT.  Humid forest, tall second growth, woodland.  Lowlands to 2100 m in w Colombia and w Ecuador.
Pionopsitta barrabandi  ORANGE-CHEEKED PARROT.  Humid forest, woodland.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes from se Colombia and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.

Pionopsitta pyrilia  SAFFRON-HEADED PARROT.  Humid forest, edge, tall second growth.  Lowlands to 1700 m in extreme e Panama, n Colombia and nw Venezuela.
Pionopsitta caica  CAICA PARROT.  Humid forest.  Lowlands to 1100 m in se Venezuela, Guianas and n Brazil.
Gypopsitta vulturina  VULTURINE PARROT.  Humid forest.  Lowlands s of Amazon from e Amazonas e to Pará-Maranhão border, and s to sw Pará; erroneously recorded from Venezuela and Guyana.
Hapalopsittaca melanotis  BLACK-WINGED PARROT.  Humid forest.  Andes, 2500-3100 m, in c Peru and wc Bolivia.
Hapalopsittaca amazonina  RUSTY-FACED PARROT.  Humid forest.  Andes, 2000-3600 m in e,sc Colombia, nw Venezuela and n,c Ecuador.

Hapalopsittaca fuertesi  INDIGO-WINGED PARROT.  Humid forest.  C. Andes of wc Colombia.
Hapalopsittaca pyrrhops  RED-FACED PARROT.  Humid forest.  Andes in s Ecuador and nw Peru.
Graydidascalus brachyurus  SHORT-TAILED PARROT.  Humid forest, swampy second growth, riverine forest.  Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes in se Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru and Amazonian,ne Brazil.
Pionus menstruus  BLUE-HEADED PARROT.  Humid forest, edge, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1500 m from e Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and e of Andes to e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian,e Brazil.

Pionus sordidus  RED-BILLED PARROT.  Humid forest.  Foothills and mts., 300-2200 m in n Venezuela, Colombia, w,e Ecuador, e Peru and c Bolivia.
Pionus maximiliani  SCALY-HEADED PARROT.  Forest, open woodland.  Lowlands in n,e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, e,s Brazil and n Argentina.
Pionus tumultuosus  SPECKLE-FACED PARROT.  Humid forest, usually near water, farmlands.  Andes, 1200-3000 m in s Colombia, nw Venezuela, Ecuador and n Peru; Andes, 2000-2800 m, in nw,e Peru and wc Bolivia.  Includes seniloides.
Pionus senilis  WHITE-CROWNED PARROT.  Humid forest, edge, open woodland, savanna, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1600 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from San Luis Potosí, s Tamaulipas and Yucatán Pen. s through e,s Mexico and C. America to Costa Rica and w Panama.

Pionus chalcopterus  BRONZE-WINGED PARROT.  Humid forest.  Foothills and mts., 1400-2800 m in nw Venezuela and Andes of Colombia, Ecuador and nw Peru.  Ranges to lower elevations.
Pionus fuscus  DUSKY PARROT.  Humid forest.  Locally in lowlands to 1800 m e of Andes in ne Colombia, s Venezuela, Guianas and n Brazil.
Amazona leucocephala  CUBAN PARROT.  Forest, open woodland, arid scrub.  In Bahamas, Cuba (incl. Isle of Pines) and Cayman Is. on Grand Cayman and Cayman Brac; formerly on Little Cayman.
Amazona collaria  YELLOW-BILLED PARROT.  Humid forest, farmlands.  Jamaica, mainly in mts.

Amazona ventralis  HISPANIOLAN PARROT.  Forest, farmlands.  Hispaniola, incl. Gonâve, Grande Cayemite, Beata and Saona is.  Intro. Puerto Rico, Virgin Is.
Amazona albifrons  WHITE-FRONTED PARROT.  Deciduous forest, open woodland, second growth, scrub, savanna, farmlands.  Lowlands from s Sonora, Sinaloa, w Durango, se Veracruz and Yucatán Pen. s on Pacific slope of Middle America to nw Costa Rica and Gulf-Caribbean slope to Honduras.
Amazona xantholora  YELLOW-LORED PARROT.  Deciduous forest, woodland, arid second growth.  Lowlands in se Mexico, Belize and Isla Roatán in the Bay Is., off n Honduras.
Amazona agilis  BLACK-BILLED PARROT.  Forest.  Hills and mts. of w Jamaica (absent from the Blue and Jim Crow mts. in e Jamaica).

Amazona vittata  PUERTO RICAN PARROT.  Forest, open woodland.  Puerto Rico.  A small population survives in the Sierra de Luquillo; formerly widespread, incl. Culebra I.
Amazona tucumana  TUCUMAN PARROT.  Alder forest.  Mts., 1800-2000 m in se Bolivia and n Argentina.
Amazona pretrei  RED-SPECTACLED PARROT.  Forest, primarily Araucaria.  Lowlands in ne Argentina, se Brazil, possibly se Paraguay and n Uruguay.
Amazona viridigenalis  RED-CROWNED PARROT.  Forest, woodland, farmlands.  Lowlands of ne Mexico in Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, and extreme ne Veracruz.  Intro. Hawaiian Is., s Calif., s Texas (perhaps from wild vagrants) s Florida, Puerto Rico.

Amazona finschi  LILAC-CROWNED PARROT.  Deciduous forest, pine-oak woodland, second growth, farmlands.  Lowlands of Pacific slope of w Mexico from se Sonora and sw Chihuahua s to Oaxaca.
Amazona autumnalis  RED-LORED PARROT.  Forest, mangroves, second growth, woodland, pine savanna, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1100 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas (absent from Yucatán Pen. and Quintana Roo) s to Honduras inc. Bay Is.; e Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama (incl. Coiba and Pearl is.), and to 1000 m in w,n Colombia, w Ecuador and nw Venezuela; nw Amazonian Brazil between R. Negro and R. Solimões.
Amazona dufresniana  BLUE-CHEEKED PARROT.  Humid forest.  Foothills and mts., 1000-1700 m in se Venezuela and Guianas.

Amazona rhodocorytha  RED-BROWED PARROT.  Riverine forest, mangroves, open woodland.  Lowlands of e Brazil.  Sometimes treated as a race of A. dufresniana.
Amazona brasiliensis  RED-TAILED PARROT.  Forest.  Littoral lowlands of se Brazil.
Amazona festiva  FESTIVE PARROT.  Riverine forest, savanna.  Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes in e Colombia, s Venezuela, nw Guyana, e Ecuador, e Peru and w Amazonian Brazil.
Amazona xanthops  YELLOW-FACED PARROT.  Scrubby deciduous woodland, cerrado.  Inland in e Bolivia and c,e Brazil.
Amazona barbadensis  YELLOW-SHOULDERED PARROT.  Thorn scrub, savanna, arid woodland.  Arid coastal lowlands of n Venezuela, in Falcón and Anzoátegui, incl. islands of Bonaire, Blanquilla and Margarita; formerly Aruba.

Amazona aestiva  BLUE-FRONTED PARROT.  Forest, woodland, farmlands.  Lowlands in n,e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, e Brazil and ne Argentina.
Amazona oratrix  YELLOW-HEADED PARROT.  Deciduous forest, open woodland, pine ridges.  Pacific slope from Colima s to Oaxaca; Gulf-Caribbean slope of Mexico from s Nuevo León and Tamaulipas s to Veracruz and Tabasco; Belize, extreme nw Honduras.
A. oratrix, auropalliata and ochrocephala are often considered to be conspecific, but lack of interbreeding in areas of overlap suggests they are allospecies.
Amazona auropalliata  YELLOW-NAPED PARROT.  Deciduous forest, thorn scrub, open woodland, pine savanna, farmlands.  Pacific slope from extreme e Oaxaca s to nw Costa Rica; n Honduras; pine savanna of Mosquitia in e Honduras and ne Nicaragua.

Amazona ochrocephala  YELLOW-CROWNED PARROT.  Forest, savanna, woodland, farmlands.  N Honduras (possibly introduced in the Sula valley); Panama (incl. Coiba and Pearl is.) and from nw,n,e Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, e of Andes, to e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia and Amazonian, n Brazil.
Amazona amazonica  ORANGE-WINGED PARROT.  Forest edge, woodland, savanna, mangroves, farmlands.  Lowlands to 1100 m from n,e Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e Peru, n Bolivia to Amazonian and e Brazil.
Amazona mercenaria  SCALY-NAPED PARROT.  Humid forest, edge, woodland.  Mts., 1600-3600 m, from Colombia and nw Venezuela and s through Andes of Ecuador and Peru to n,e Bolivia.
Amazona farinosa  MEALY PARROT.  Humid forest, riverine forest.  Lowlands to 1100 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from s Veracruz, s Campeche and n Oaxaca (absent from Yucatán Pen. and Quintana Roo) s to Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, and from Colombia and w,s Venezuela s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and e of  Andes to e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Amazonian,e Brazil.  See A. kawalli.

Amazona kawalli  KAWALL'S PARROT.  Forest.  Central Amazonian Brazil on Rio Juruá, Amazonas; Rio Tapajós, Pará.  Related to farinosa and occurs within the range of farinosa, perhaps in sympatry.
Amazona vinacea  VINACEOUS PARROT.  Forest.  Lowlands in se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Amazona versicolor  ST. LUCIA PARROT.  Forest.  Mts. of St. Lucia, in the Lesser Antilles.
Amazona arausiaca  RED-NECKED PARROT.  Forest.  Mts. of Dominica, in the Lesser Antilles.
Amazona guildingii  ST. VINCENT PARROT.  Forest.  Mts. of St. Vincent in the Lesser Antilles; ranges to lowland forest.

Amazona imperialis  IMPERIAL PARROT.  Forest.  Mts. of Dominica, in the Lesser Antilles.

Deroptyus accipitrinus  RED-FAN PARROT.  Humid forest, savanna, woodland.  Lowlands to 400 m e of Andes from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s locally through e Ecuador to ne Peru and Amazonian,n Brazil.

Triclaria malachitacea  BLUE-BELLIED PARROT.  Forest, woodland, orchards, towns.  Lowlands of se Brazil from s Bahia s to Rio Grande do Sul.

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