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Plegadis falcinellus Marshes, swamps, lagoons, lakes.  Locally from s Europe in Austria, Italy, Balkans, Greece, formerly Iberian Pen. and France; nw Africa in Morocco and Algeria; e across Turkey, Near East, Caspian and Aral seas, Turkestan and Lake Balkhash, nw Mongolia, Middle East, Pakistan in Sind, n India from Uttar Pradesh e to Assam and s to Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Manipur, Burma and se China, Hainan I.  Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi and n,s Philippines on Luzon and Mindanao.  Africa in s Mauritania, s Mali, Niger, Ethiopia, Somalia, Zaire, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda,  Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, s Angola, n Namibia, n,e Botswana, Zimbabwe and ne S. Africa.  Madagascar.  N,e,s Australia.  E,se U.S. from New England s to Florida and w on Gulf coast to Louisiana and Arkansas; Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico;  n Venezuela in Aragua. --                  - -                -  -

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Geronticus eremita Dry, rocky areas, high meadows, montane streams.  May be nearing extinction.  Locally in three disjunct areas:  mts. of Morocco and n Algeria; se Turkey along the Euphrates River; possibly Arabia and Red Sea area.  A feeding flock in sw Arabia may indicate an undiscovered colony in the Middle East (World Birdwatch 16(1):16).  Formerly bred in s Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Syria, probably Greece. -       - -       - -

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Threskiornis aethiopicus Marshes, open moist areas, flooded farms, coastal lagoons. T. a. aethiopicus  Occurs in all subSaharan African countries from sw Mauritania and Senegambia e across s Mali, s Niger, s Chad and Sudan incl. most of the Nile River Valley, to Ethiopia and Somalia and s to s S. Africa; also se Iraq. T. a. bernieri  Lowlands of Madagascar and Aldabra Is.  Sometimes treated as a separate species. -                    - -                    -            - -               -

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Platalea leucorodia Swamps, lakes, mudflats, lagoons.  From s Spain, Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Balkans and Turkey e to n Black and Caspian seas, the Aral Sea and Kazakhstan, s Siberia in Tuva, e Transbaicalia and Ussuriland, Mongolia and n China to Manchuria, Japan and Korea, s to se Iraq, s Iran and Afghanistan, e across Pakistan to India, Nepal and Sri Lanka.  Islands off coast of s Mauritania, Senegambia, perhaps Guinea-Bissau, w shore of Red Sea from Egypt and Sudan to Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, n Somalia and the coast of Yemen. - -- -

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-	Plegadis falcinellus Glossy Ibis - localized no confirmation: Iraq breed Spain, France, Italy Sardinia, Austria, Hungary, Morocco, Algeria

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Geronticus eremita Northern Bald Ibis - Rare bred:  Algeria, Syria s Germany, Switzerland,  Austria,  probably Greece. * Endangered

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Threskiornis aethiopicus Sacred Ibis - Uncommon bred:  Egypt

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Platalea leucorodia Eurasian Spoonbill - Uncommon, localized has bred: Portugal, Denmark, Germany, Czechoslovakia,  Israel, Kwait

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