Maps of the birds of the Western Palearctic Region

Terns

CHARADRIIFORMES

--Sternidae

Sterna repressa
Islands, coasts of the n Indian Ocean from Red Sea and ne Africa s to Kenya (breeding records in Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya); e locally through Persian Gulf area and India off Malvan in Maharashtra to
Laccadive Islands.
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repressa, L. repressus (confinata, riservata)
[già chiamata Sterna albigena]
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Sterna anaethetus
Pelagic, breeds on rocky or coral islands.
From Taiwan, ec Philippines on Maturin I. and Palau s to Indonesia, New Guinea and w,n,e Australia from Cape Leeuwin in W. Australia e to Great Barrier Reef off Queensland. Middle America off Honduras probably on Los Farallones, nw Costa Rica and Panama. Locally on the Florida Keys, W. Indies, and off Yucatán Pen., Belize and Venezuela. On islands off Mauritania and islands in the Gulf of Guinea (w Africa) and e Africa (breeding records in Senegambia, Mauritania, Gulf of Guinea Is., Sudan, Eritrea, Somalia and Kenya). From the Red Sea, Persian Gulf and w India s to Kenya, w Madagascar, Seychelles, Mauritius and Laccadive and Maldive islands.
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                      -anaethetus Gr. anaisthetos (stupido)
       [perchè permette ai naviganti di uccidere i piccoli durante
        la nidificazione].
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Sterna fuscata
Pelagic, breeds on sandy or coral beaches on islands.
Islands from Ryukyu, Bonin, Marcus and Wake is., Hawaiian Is. from Kure e to Moku Manu and Manana off Oahu, and islands off w Mexico: Clipperton, Revillagigedo, Tres Marías, Isabela, Alijos Rocks; s to Philippines, islands off e Australia, Lord Howe, Norfolk, Kermadec Is., Tuamotu, Galapagos, Sala-y-Gómez, and San Félix off Chile. Islands off coasts from N. Carolina to Florida, w to Texas, off Yucatán Pen. and Belize, throughout W. Indies to islands off n coast of S. America, off Brazil, and in tropical Atlantic on Salvage, Ascension, St. Helena and Príncipe. Indian Ocean from ne Arabia, Madagascar, Mascarene, Seychelles, (breeding records in Senegambia, Gulf of Guinea Is., Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mascarene Is.). Laccadive, Maldive and Andaman islands, s to islands off w Australia.
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-fuscata L. fuscatus (fosco, bruno scuro)

Sterna repressa

White-cheeked Tern

Locally common

Sterna anaethetus

Bridled Tern

Uncommon, local

Races: antarctica,

melanoptera

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Sterna fuscata

Sooty Tern

Vagrant pelagic

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Sterna albifrons
Beaches, seacoasts, rivers, lakes.
From British Isles and s Scandinavia e across c,se Russia to w Mongolia, China, se Siberia and Japan on Honshu and Shikoku, s to Mediterranean region incl. coast of n Africa; w,ne,e Africa (breeding records in Mauritania, Senegambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Gabon, Chad, Socotra I.). Turkey, and from Persian Gulf and Middle East to India, Sri Lanka and se Asia; Indonesia; Philippines; New Guinea; Bismarck Arch., and coasts of Australia (exc. most of W. and S. Australia).
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albifrons L. albus + frons (fronte bianca)

Chlidonias hybridus
Marshes, swamps, lagoons, rivers, lakes.
From s Europe n to c France and s Poland, Mediterranean region and from Morocco to Tunisia and Mali, e through Turkey, Middle and Near East, Iraq, e Iran, Ukraine, Volga-Ural steppes, Kazakhstan, Aral Sea, Turkestan, Kirghiz steppes to s Siberia in Transbaicalia, c,e China, Taiwan s to n,c India and se Asia; Togian I. off n Sulawesi. From Kenya and Tanzania s to S. Africa w to sw Cape Prov.; Madagascar (breding records in Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, S. Africa, Madagascar). Australia, except Tasmania.
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-hybridus L. hybrida (dubbia)

Chlidonias niger
Marshes, wet meadows.
From s Sweden, n Europe, nc Russia and c Siberia, s to s Spain, Sardinia, n Italy, Greece, w Turkey, Armenia, n Caucasus, Caspian and Aral seas, Turkestan, Altai and w China. From sw,ec British Columbia, n Alberta, sc Mackenzie, nw Saskatchewan and n Manitoba e across s Canada to Nova Scotia and s locally to sc Calif., n Nevada, n Utah, Colorado, and from Nebraska e to sc Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New England.

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     altre foto: n.1 - n.2 - n.3 - n.4
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                             -niger L. niger ( colore nero spento)
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Sterna albifrons

LittleTern

Fairly common

Race: saundersi

has bred:
Cecoslovachia

Austria,Yugoslavia,

Cipro, Libano, Siria,

Giordania

Chlidonias hybridus

Whiskered Tern

Common

Has bred: Belgio,Olanda

Germania,Lituania,Austria

Portogallo,Marocco,Tunisia

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Chlidonias niger

Black Tern

Common

has bred: Austria,Israele,

Armenia

Chlidonias leucopterus
Marshes, wet meadows.
From e Europe in Poland and from Hungary to Bulgaria and Romania, e across n Turkey, Ukraine, Ural Mts., Volga-Ural steppes, Black Sea, Armenia, Caucasus and n Kirghiz steppes to s Siberia in Transbaicalia, Amurland, s Ussuriland and s Sakhalin, Mongolia and n China; se Iraq; irregularly to Kenya and n Tanzania. Has nested, usually paired with C. niger, in Quebec, Wisconsin and New York; recorded annually during migration in eastern North America.
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-leucopterus Gr. leukopterus (ali bianche)

Anous stolidus
Sandy beaches, trees on islands; pelagic in winter.
Islands from Ryukyu, Bonin and Hawaiian from Kure e to Moku Manu and Manana off Oahu, s to islands off w,n,e Australia s to Houtman Abrohos Is. off W. Australia and Raine I. off Queensland, Norfolk I., Fiji, Tonga on Eua and Kalau is., and s Polynesia e to Sala-y-Gómez; from Revillagigedo, Tres Marías, Tres Marietas and Isabela is. off w Mexico, s to Costa Rica on Cocos I., Colombia on Octavia Rocks and Gorgona I., and Galapagos Is. From the Dry Tortugas and Bahamas s through W. Indies to islands off Yucatán Pen. on Alacrán Reef, Belize, Isla San Andrés, Venezuela from Las Aves e to Margarita, Tobago and Trinidad and French Guiana. Islands in c,s Atlantic on Trindade, Ascension, St. Helena, Tristan da Cunha and Gough islands; islands in Gulf of Guinea off w Africa (breeding records in Gulf of Guinea Is., Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Aldabra, Comores, Madagascar, Mascarene Is.). From islands in the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Laccadive Is., s to Seychelles, Madagascar; islands off Sumatra incl. Nias and possibly others, and Kebantuan I. off se Belitung.
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