Maps of the birds of the Western Palearctic Region

-Waders

CHARADRIIFORMES

Charadriidae

Charadrius alexandrinus
Beaches, mudflats, rivers, lakes, ponds.
The three groups may be separate species although similar in behavior and voice with only slight morphological differences.
C. a. alexandrinus
From se England and s Sweden e across s Russia, Georgia to Turkestan
n to Kirghiz steppes, s Siberia, Transbaicalia, s Ussuriland and n China to Japan from Honshu to Kyushu, s to Cape Verde Is., w,n Africa from Morocco e to Egypt, s to sw Mauritania and coastal Senegambia; Red
Sea coast in Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, Socotra I., Arabia, Iran, Pakistan in Baluchistan and Sind, w,n,s India in Gujarat, n Bihar; Sri Lanka; s China and s Ryukyu Is.; Sumatra, Java and Bali.
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C. a. nivosus
Locally on Pacific coast from s Washington to s Baja Calif.; int. N. America from s Oregon, ne Calif., w Nevada, Utah, sw Montana, s Saskatchewan, Colorado, c Kansas and nc Oklahoma s to se Calif., s Arizona, s New Mexico and nc Texas; along Gulf coast from Florida w to Texas and ne Tamaulipas; s Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Lesser Antilles on St. Martin; Pacific coast of Oaxaca, Chiapas and Guatemala; is. off n coast of Venezuela from Curaçao e to Margarita Island.
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C. a. occidentalis
Pacific coast of sw S. America in Peru and Chile.
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- C. a. alexandrinus
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Charadrius mongolus
Mudflats, beaches, lakes, ponds, barren steppe.
The two groups are allopatric and distinctive;they may be separate species.
C. m. mongolus.
Locally in e Siberia in the Stanovoy and Verkhoyansk mts., Pyagina Pen., Kamchatka and Commander islands. W Alaska from the Brooks Range
s to Seward Peninsula.
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C. m. atrifrons.
Himalayas, 3900-5500 m from the Pamirs, Turkestan, Kirghiz steppes e through n India in Kashmir, Sikkim and Tibet to w China in w,s Sinkiang, w Kansu, Tsinghai and w Szechwan.
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Charadrius leschenaultii
Sandy and gravelly banks of rivers and lakes, barren stony flats, arid steppe, semi-desert.
From Turkey, Near East, Transcaucasus, Transcaspia, Turkestan, Altai and sw Siberia e to w,n China, c Inner Mongolia and Mongolia, possibly
s to Iran, Arabia and Red Sea coast of Somalia.
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Charadrius alexandrinus

Kentish Plover

common

has bred: Great Britain,

Norway,Azores,Madeira

Charadrius mongolus

Lesser Sand Plover

common

Egypt

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Charadrius leschenaultii

Greater Sand Plover

common

has bred: Armenia, Azer-

-baijan

Charadrius asiaticus
Arid salt steppe with Artemisia, desert flats.
Ne Iran, n Caspian Sea area, s Russia n to Volga-Ural steppes and Kirghiz steppes, (absent from Pamirs) and nw China in nw Sinkiang.
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Eudromias morinellus
Stony steppe, plains, plowed fields, grassland.
Locally from Scotland and Scandinavia e across n Russia incl. Arctic islands, and n Siberia to Chukotski Pen. and Anadyrland; mts of c Europe; from s Siberia in the Altai and L. Baikal region, and n Mongolia s to nw China in nw Sinkiang. W,n Alaska from Barrow s to Seward Pen. and St. Lawrence I.
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Females are potentially polyandrous and compete for access to males on mating arenas. Males provide all parental care and are not active in mate choice. Brightly-plumaged females win more fights, do more courting, pair earlier in the season and are more likely to mate with a brightly-colored male. (Owens, et al.1994. Amer. Naturalist 144:76).
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Pluvialis dominica
Grassy tundra.
From n Alaska, n Yukon, n Mackenzie and Banks, s Melville, Bathurst, Devon and n Baffin islands, s to c Alaska in the interior mt. ranges, s Yukon, nw British Columbia, c Mackenzie, s Keewatin, ne Manitoba, n Ontario at Cape Henrietta Maria, and Southampton and s Baffin islands.
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