Macronous: Tit-Babblers. Forest, undergrowth, edge,
bamboo, grass. S,se Asia, Indonesia, Philippines.
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Macronous gularis STRIPED TIT-BABBLER. Forest, edge,
second growth, thickets, grass, bamboo. Lowlands to 1500 m from s,e,ne
India, sw China in s Yunnan, s through se Asia incl. Mergui Arch; Sumatra,
Banyak and Batu is., Bangka, Belitung, and Lingga and Riau arch., w,c Java,
Borneo, Anambas, n Natuna, Banggi, Mallawli and Laut islands, and sw Philippines
on Palawan, Balabac and Cagayan Sulu, and many
smaller islands within this range.
Macronous flavicollis GREY-CHEEKED TIT-BABBLER.
Forest. Java and Kangean Is.
Macronous kelleyi GREY-FACED TIT-BABBLER. Forest
undergrowth. Lowlands in s Laos, c,s Vietnam in c,s Annam and Cochinchina.
Status uncertain, possibly a race of M. flavicollis or a color morph
of M. gularis.
Macronous striaticeps BROWN TIT-BABBLER. Forest,
edge, second growth. Lowlands to 1200 m of se Philippine Islands
n to Bohol, Leyte and Samar.
Macronous ptilosus FLUFFY-BACKED TIT-BABBLER. Forest
undergrowth, edge. Lowlands to 700 m in pen. Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra,
Batu Is., Bangka, Belitung, and Borneo.
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Micromacronus leytensis MINIATURE TIT-BABBLER. Forest,
edge. Lowlands to 1300 m of Samar, Leyte and wc Mindanao in the ce,s
Philippines.
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Timalia pileata CHESTNUT-CAPPED BABBLER. Second
growth, thickets, swampy areas. Lowlands to 1400 m from e India from
Nepal e to Bhutan and Assam and s to Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland and
s China in s Yunnan, s Kweichow, Kwangsi, Kwantung, s to se Asia (exc.
pen. Thailand and Malaya); Java.
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Chrysomma: Babblers. Tall grass, reedbeds,
riparian thickets, bamboo. S, se Asia.
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Chrysomma sinense YELLOW-EYED BABBLER. Scrub, thickets,
tall grass, bamboo. Lowlands to 1800 m in e Pakistan in the Indus
Valley, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Burma, s China in w,s Yunnan,
Kwangsi and Kwantung, nw,sw,c Thailand, Laos and n,c Vietnam in Tonkin
and Annam.
Chrysomma altirostre JERDON'S BABBLER. Deep "khan"
grass (Saccharum arundinaceum), reedbeds, riparian thickets. Locally
in ne Pakistan in the Indus Valley, ne India from Bhutan and n W. Bengal
e to Assam, and s to e,se Bangladesh and Nagaland, and ne,s Burma.
Chrysomma poecilotis RUFOUS-TAILED BABBLER. Scrub,
riparian thickets, grass. Himalayas, 2700-4600 m of cw China from
ne Szechwan s to n Yunnan.
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Turdoides: Babblers. Thickets, scrub, grass,
forest, woods. S Eurasia, s,se Asia, Africa. Some allopatric
populations in Africa are morphologically so similar that they are included
in a single species, but without evidence of intergradation this is an
opinion based on the assumption that they would interbreed if they were
in contact. Such situations can be interpreted as one species or
as two species with equal probability of being "correct".
Turdoides nipalensis SPINY BABBLER. Dense second
growth, scrub. Himalayas, 1500-2000 m in w,c Nepal.
Turdoides altirostris IRAQ BABBLER. Reedbeds, moist
farmland, orchards, towns. Lower Tigris-Euphrates Valley of se Iraq
and sw Iran.
Turdoides caudatus COMMON BABBLER. Scrub, grass,
towns. Lowlands and hills 900 (rarely to 2100) m from se Iraq and
s Iran e through s Afghanistan and s Pakistan in Baluchistan, Sind and
Punjab to India n to Himachal Pradesh and n Uttar Pradesh, e to e Bihar
and Madhya Pradesh and possibly nw Bangladesh; Laccadive Is.
Turdoides earlei STRIATED BABBLER. Reedbeds, high
grass, swampy areas mainly in grasslands of large river valleys.
Lowlands and foothills of Pakistan in the Indus R. Valley, n,ne India from
Ganges and Brahmaputra valleys e to s Nepal and Assam and s to Orissa,
W. Bengal, Bangladesh and Manipur, and w,ne,c,s Burma.
Turdoides gularis WHITE-THROATED BABBLER. Dry plains
in thickets, hedges. Plains of w,c,s Burma.
Turdoides longirostris SLENDER-BILLED BABBLER. Long grass,
usually near water. Lowlands to 1200 m in e India from Nepal e to
W. Bengal and Assam, s to Khasi and Cachar hills and Manipur and sw Burma.
Turdoides malcolmi LARGE GREY BABBLER. Dry, open,
sparsely vegetated areas, woods, towns. C, pen. India n to Kutch,
Rajasthan and Punjab, and e to e Uttar Pradesh, e Madhya Pradesh, c Andhra
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
Turdoides squamiceps ARABIAN BABBLER. Acacia scrub.
From s,c Israel and w Jordan s to s Arabia ne to n Oman.
Turdoides fulvus FULVOUS CHATTERER. Desert scrub,
mimosa, acacia. N Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Morocco, n Algeria,
Tunisia, nw Libya, Niger, Chad, e across the c Sahara to n,c Sudan, n Ethiopia,
Eritrea, the Nile Valley and from s Egypt to the Red Sea.
Turdoides aylmeri SCALY CHATTERER. Arid scrub, grass,
aloes. From Somalia and s Ethiopia s to c,se Kenya and nc Tanzania.
Turdoides rubiginosus RUFOUS CHATTERER. Riparian
scrub in less arid country than T. aylmeri. From c Ethiopia, Somalia
and s Sudan to e Uganda, Kenya and n Tanzania.
Turdoides subrufus RUFOUS BABBLER. Dense undergrowth,
grass, bamboo. Lowlands to 1000 m of sw India in the W. Ghats from
sw Maharashtra s to w,n Tamil Nadu and Mysore.
Turdoides striatus JUNGLE BABBLER. Forest, bamboo,
scrub, grass, farms, towns.
The two subspecies groups sometimes are treated as species, but they
intergrade.
T. s. striatus Lowlands to 1600 m in the Indus V.
of Pakistan and India n to Himalayan foothills incl. Nepal, Sikkim and
Bhutan, e to Assam and Bangladesh.
T. s. somervillei Coastal sw India from se Gujarat
and w Maharashtra s to Goa.
Turdoides rufescens ORANGE-BILLED BABBLER. Humid
forest. Sri Lanka. Sometimes treated as a race of T. striatus,
but it is ecologically and perhaps vocally distinct; and widely allopatric.
Turdoides affinis YELLOW-BILLED BABBLER. Arid scrub,
second growth, farms. Lowlands and hills of s India n to c Mysore
and c Andhra Pradesh; Sri Lanka.
Turdoides reinwardii BLACKCAP BABBLER. Riparian
thickets, forest, scrub. Senegambia, sw Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau,
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon,
s Chad, C. African Republic and n Zaire.
Turdoides tenebrosus DUSKY BABBLER. Scrub, thickets.
Ne Zaire, Uganda and s Sudan to sw Ethiopia. Perhaps a race of T.
reinwardii.
Turdoides melanops BLACK-LORED BABBLER. Brachystegia
woods, acacia savanna. S Angola, n Namibia, nw Botswana. Sometimes
considered conspecific with T. sharpei, but they are widely allopatric.
Turdoides squamulatus SCALY BABBLER. Dense brush,
scrub, thornbush. Se Ethiopia and s Somalia s coastally to Kenya
and ne Tanzania; possibly inland along Tana River in Kenya.
Turdoides leucopygius WHITE-RUMPED BABBLER. Open
country, scrub, savanna, thornbush. In extreme se Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea
and w Somalia.
Turdoides hartlaubii ANGOLA BABBLER. Open country,
scrub, savanna, thornbush. In c,s,e Angola, se,ce Zaire, Rwanda,
Burundi, sw Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, n Botswana and ne Namibia.
Sometimes treated as a race of T. leucopygius , but they are widely allopatric.
Turdoides bicolor SOUTHERN PIED-BABBLER. Dry acacia
savanna. In ne Namibia, Botswana, w Zimbabwe and e S. Africa in Transvaal
and ne Cape Province s to the Orange River.
Turdoides sharpei SHARPE'S PIED-BABBLER. Scrub,
undergrowth. In s Uganda, w Kenya, and w,sw Tanzania. Short,
et al. (1990. Proc. West. Found. Vert. Zool. 4(3):174) treat it as a race
of allopatric T. melanops, based on field experience.
Turdoides hypoleucus NORTHERN PIED-BABBLER. Scrub,
forest edge. Highlands in c Kenya n to Mt. Kenya, and ne Tanzania.
Turdoides hindei HINDE'S PIED-BABBLER. Scrub, thickets.
Foothills of ec Kenya. Has been treated as of hybrid origin, T. hypoleucus
x T. jardineii, but apparently is a valid species.
Turdoides plebejus BROWN BABBLER. Scrub, undergrowth,
acacia savanna. Senegambia, s Mauritania, sw Mali, Burkina Faso,
Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria,
s Niger, Cameroon, C. Afr. Rep., s Chad, c,s Sudan and sw Ethiopia, s to
ne Zaire, Uganda and nw Kenya.
Turdoides leucocephalus CRETSCHMAR'S BABBLER. Thorn
bush scrub. In e Sudan, ne Ethiopia and Eritrea.
Turdoides jardineii ARROW-MARKED BABBLER. Thorn
bush, grass, riparian thickets. Gabon, Congo, Angola, s Zaire, Rwanda,
Burundi, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe,
s Mozambique and ne S. Africa in Transvaal and Natal.
Turdoides gymnogenys BARE-CHEEKED BABBLER. Trees
and brush in arid country. In sw Angola and nw,cn Namibia.
Babax: Babaxes. Forest, scrub. High mts. of
s Asia in China, Tibet, India, Burma.
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Babax lanceolatus CHINESE BABAX. Open forest, open
scrub. Mts. above 1200 m in se India in Mizoram, se Tibet,
w,ne,c,e Burma and c,se China from extreme e Sinkiang, s Kansu, s Shensi,
w,s Hupeh, Hunan and Fukien s through sw,e Szechwan and Kweichow to nw
Yunnan, Kwangsi and Kwangtung.
Babax waddelli GIANT BABAX. Arid scrub, pines, in
dry river valleys or on mountain slopes. Mts., 2700-4000 m of ne
India in extreme ne Sikkim and possibly Arunachal Pradesh, s,se Tibet and
sw China in sw Szechwan.
Babax koslowi TIBETAN BABAX. Arid scrub, pines.
Himalayas in se Tibet and sc China in s Tsinghai and nw Szechwan.
Leiothrix argentauris SILVER-EARED MESIA. Forest
undergrowth, edge, scrub, grass. Mts., 900-2200 m from nc India from
Garhwal e to Arunachal Pradesh, and s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland
and cs China in w,se Yunnan and Kwangsi, s through Burma (exc. c), nw,
pen. Thailand, Laos, n,c Vietnam in Tonkin and Annam, and Malaya; Sumatra.
Leiothrix lutea RED-BILLED MESIA. Second growth,
scrub, grass. Himalayas above 1000 m in n India from Kashmir e to
Arunachal Pradesh and s to Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet,
w,ne Burma, c,ec,cs China from s Kansu, s Shensi, Hupeh, Anhwei and Chekiang
s to Szechwan, n,se Yunnan, Kweichow, Hunan and Fukien, and n Vietnam in
n Tonkin. Intro. Hawaiian Is.
The name Leiothrix astleyi, known from two aviary specimens,
is thought to belong to this species.
Cutia nipalensis CUTIA. Forest. Locally in
mts., 1200-2700 m in n India from Kumaon e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to
Cachar and Mizo hills, Manipur and Nagaland, w,n,ne Burma, sw China in
s Szechwan and w,s Yunnan, nw Thailand, n Laos, n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin
and s Annam, and Malaya.
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Pteruthius: Shrike-Babblers. Forest, edge.
S Asia.
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Pteruthius rufiventer BLACK-HEADED SHRIKE-BABBLER.
Forest. Himalayas above 1200 m in ne India from e Nepal e to Arunachal
Pradesh, Manipur and Nagaland, w,ne Burma, sw China in ce Szechwan and
nw Yunnan and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Pteruthius flaviscapis WHITE-BROWED SHRIKE-BABBLER.
Forest. Mts. to 2450 m from n Pakistan, n India from Kashmir e to
Arunachal Pradesh, s to Mizoram, Manipur and Nagaland, e to s China in
s Szechwan, n Yunnan, n Kwangsi and nw,c Fukien, and s through Burma (exc.
c), nw,ne,se,pen. Thailand, sw Cambodia, n,s Laos and n,c Vietnam in Tonkin,
n,s Annam; Sumatra; Java; n Borneo.
Pteruthius xanthochlorus GREEN SHRIKE-BABBLER. Forest.
Himalayas, 1800-3050 m in n Pakistan, n India from Kashmir e to Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizo Hills and Nagaland, se Tibet, w,ne Burma and s China in Szechwan,
s Shensi, nw,se Yunnan and nw Fukien.
Pteruthius melanotis BLACK-EARED SHRIKE-BABBLER.
Tall forest, edge. Mts. 1200-2450 m in ne India w to Nepal, w,ne,e
Burma, sw China in s Yunnan, nw Thailand, n,s Laos, n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin
and n Annam, and Malaya.
Pteruthius aenobarbus CHESTNUT-FRONTED SHRIKE-BABBLER.
Forest, edge. Hills to 1550 m in ne India at Megahalaya in the Garo
Hills, w,ne,e,s Burma, s China in Kwangsi and s Yunnan, nw,ne Thailand,
n,s Laos, n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin and s Annam; w Java and possibly Sumatra.
Gampsorhynchus rufulus WHITE-HOODED BABBLER. Thickets,
scrub, bamboo, forest, woods.
Mts. to 1800 m in e India from Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to
n W. Bengal, se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma, sw China in w,se
Yunnan, nw,sw Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Malaya.
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Actinodura: Barwings. Forest undergrowth, thickets,
scrub, grass, second growth. S Asia; Taiwan.
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Actinodura egertoni RUSTY-FRONTED BARWING. Dense
thickets in forest, scrub, second growth. Himalayas, 900-2400 m in
ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to n W. Bengal, Khasi,
Cachar and Mizo Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet, sw China in w Yunnan
and sw Kwangsi, and w,n,e Burma.
Actinodura ramsayi SPECTACLED BARWING. Forest, scrub,
grass, second growth. Himalayas above 1000 m in cs China in s Yunnan
and s Kwangsi, c,e,s Burma, nw Thailand, n Laos and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Actinodura nipalensis HOARY-THROATED BARWING. Oak
and rhododendron forest undergrowth. Himalayas, 1800-3300 m in ne
India from w Nepal e to Darjeeling, Sikkim and Bhutan, and se Tibet.
Actinodura waldeni STREAK-THROATED BARWING. Forest
undergrowth, scrub, grass, second growth. Himalayas, 1500-2450 m
in e India from Arunachal Pradesh s to n Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland,
se Tibet, w,n Burma and sw China in nw Yunnan. Sometimes treated
as a race of A. nipalensis.
Actinodura souliei STREAKED BARWING. Forest undergrowth.
Himalayas above 1800 m in sw China in s Szechwan and nw,se Yunnan and n
Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Actinodura morrisoniana FORMOSAN BARWING. Deciduous
forest undergrowth. Mts., 1350-2750 m of Taiwan.
Minla: Minlas. Forest undergrowth, scrub. Mts.
of s,se Asia.
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Minla cyanouroptera BLUE-WINGED MINLA. Forest undergrowth,
scrub, second growth. Mts. 1000-3050 m in n,e India from n Uttar
Pradesh e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland,
Burma (exc. c,s), s China in e Szechwan, Yunnan, Kwangsi, s Hunan and Hainan
I., nw,se,pen. Thailand, n,s Laos, sw Cambodia, n,c Vietnam in Tonkin and
Annam, and Malaya.
Minla strigula CHESTNUT-TAILED MINLA. Forest.
Mts. 1500-3700 m in n,e India from Himachal Pradesh e to Arunachal Pradesh
s to Khasi Hills, Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet, Burma (exc. c,s), sw
China in s Szechwan and Yunnan, nw Thailand, n Laos, n Vietnam in nw Tonkin,
and Malaya.
Minla ignotincta RED-TAILED MINLA. Forest undergrowth.
Himalayas, 1200-3400 m in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh
s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet, w,ne,s,e Burma, sw
China in w,se Yunnan, sw,se Szechwan, s Hunan and n Kwangsi, and n Vietnam
in nw Tonkin.
Alcippe: Fulvettas. Forest undergrowth, scrub,
bamboo, grass, woods. S, se Asia; Indonesia.
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Alcippe chrysotis GOLDEN-BREASTED FULVETTA. Forest
undergrowth, scrub, bamboo. Himalayas, 1500-4300 m in ne India from
e Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Cachar Hills, Manipur and Nagaland,
ne Burma, sw China in Yunnan, w Szechwan and c Kwangsi, and n Vietnam in
nw Tonkin.
Alcippe variegaticeps GOLDEN-FRONTED FULVETTA. Forest
undergrowth. Mts., 650-2000 of s China in e Szechwan and c Kwangsi.
Alcippe cinerea YELLOW-THROATED FULVETTA. Humid forest,
scrub, bamboo, long grass. Himalayas, 900-2750 m in e India from
c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Khasi and Cachar hills, se Bangladesh,
Manipur and Nagaland, ne Burma, sw China in nw Yunnan and n Laos.
Alcippe castaneceps RUFOUS-WINGED FULVETTA. Humid
forest undergrowth, pine forest. Mts. above 725 m (usually higher)
in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh,
Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet, Burma (exc. c), sw China in w Yunnan, nw
Thailand, n,s Laos, n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin and s Annam, and Malaya.
Alcippe vinipectus WHITE-BROWED FULVETTA. Prickly
oak forest, confers, scrub. Himalayas, 2275-4200 m in n,e India from
Himachal Pradesh e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to n ASsam, Manipur and Nagaland,
s Tibet, w,ne Burma, sw China in w,sw Yunnan and sw Szechwan, and n Vietnam
in nw Tonkin.
Alcippe striaticollis CHINESE FULVETTA. Dry holly
thickets, prickly oak forest, rhododendrons, undergrowth. Himalayas,
2700-4300 m of c,sw China from sw Kansu and se Tsinghai s through Szechwan
to se Tibet and nw Yunnan.
Alcippe ruficapilla SPECTACLED FULVETTA. Spruce
and fir forest, thickets. Himalayas, 3050-4575 m in c,cs China from
s Kansu and s Shensi s through Szechwan to n,se Yunnan and sw Kweichow,
ne Laos and possibly n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Alcippe cinereiceps STREAK-THROATED FULVETTA. Forest
thickets, bamboo. Mts., 650-4600 m in ne India from e Bhutan e to
Arunachal Pradesh and s to n Assam, Manipur and Nagaland, ne Burma, s China
from s Kansu, s Shensi and Hupeh s to c,se Szechwan, Yunnan and Hunan;
nw Fukien; Taiwan; ne Laos and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Alcippe ludlowi LUDLOW'S FULVETTA. Forest thickets,
bamboo. Himalayas in se Tibet, sw China in sw Szechwan, e Bhutan
and extreme ne India in se Arunachal Pradesh. Often included in A.
cinereiceps, but it is morphologically distinct and marginally sympatric
with cinereiceps in Arunachal Pradesh.
Alcippe rufogularis RUFOUS-THROATED FULVETTA. Forest
undergrowth, bamboo, second growth. Mts. to 1000 m in ne India from
Bhutan and n W. Bengal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Cachar and Chittagong
hills, Manipur and Nagaland, ne Burma, sw China in sw Yunnan, nw,se Thailand,
n,c Laos, sw Cambodia and n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin and n,c Annam.
Alcippe brunnea DUSKY FULVETTA. Brush, grass, second
growth, forest. Himalayas, 900-2150 m in e India in the Khasi and
Cachar hills, Manipur and Nagaland, w,n Burma, c,s China from Szechwan,
s Shensi, Hupeh, Anhwei, Kiangsi and Fukien s to Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwantung
and Hainan I., Taiwan, n Laos and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Alcippe dubia RUSTY-CAPPED FULVETTA. Brush, second
growth, forest. Hills, 900-1800 m of s Burma in Tenasserim.
Often included in A. brunnea.
Alcippe brunneicauda BROWN FULVETTA. Forest, second
growth. Hills to 1000 m in pen. Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Batu Is.
and Borneo.
Alcippe poioicephala BROWN-CHEEKED FULVETTA. Teak
woods, bamboo, forest undergrowth, scrub. Lowlands to 1500 m in pen.,
ne India n to Gujarat, s Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa; Khasi, Cachar
and Chittagong hills, Manipur and Nagaland, Burma, sw China in w,s Yunnan,
nw,sw,pen. Thailand, n,c Laos and n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin and n Annam.
Alcippe pyrrhoptera JAVAN FULVETTA. Forest.
W,c Java.
Alcippe peracensis MOUNTAIN FULVETTA. Forest.
Mts. above 300 m in se Thailand, c,s Laos, sw Cambodia (probably), n,c
Vietnam in Tonkin and n Annam, and Malaya.
Alcippe morrisonia GREY-CHEEKED FULVETTA. Forest.
Mts., 1350-3050 m in c,s China from s,e Szechwan, s Shensi, w Hupeh, Anhwei
and Chekiang s to Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung and Hainan I., Burma (exc.
w), nw Thailand, n Laos, n,c Vietnam in Tonkin and n Annam, and Taiwan.
Alcippe nipalensis NEPAL FULVETTA. Forest, scrub,
bamboo. Himalayas, 500-2100 m in ne India w to Nepal and w,n,s Burma.
Lioptilus nigricapillus BLACKCAP MOUNTAIN-BABBLER. Forest,
scrubby slopes. E S. Africa in n,e Transvaal, Natal, e Cape Prov.
Affinities uncertain; has been placed with the bulbuls (Pycnonotidae).
Kupeornis: Mountain-Babblers. Forest. C Africa.
Kupeornis gilberti WHITE-THROATED MOUNTAIN-BABBLER.
Forest. Mts. 1500-1800 in se Nigeria and sw Cameroon.
Kupeornis rufocinctus RED-COLLARED MOUNTAIN-BABBLER.
Forest. Mts., 1950-3200 of ne,ce Zaire and Rwanda.
Kupeornis chapini CHAPIN'S MOUNTAIN-BABBLER. Forest.
Lowlands of ce,ne Zaire. Possibly a race of K. rufocinctus.
Parophasma galinieri ABYSSINIAN CATBIRD. Forest,
bamboo. Highlands of Ethiopia.
Affinities uncertain; may be closest to Lioptilus or Kupeornis.
Phyllanthus atripennis CAPUCHIN BABBLER. Forest.
Locally from Mali, Senegambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia,
Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, s Nigeria, sw Cameroon, sw C. African
Rep., w Uganda and cn,ne Zaire.
Crocias langbianis GREY-CROWNED CROCIAS. Forest.
Previously known only from highlands of Vietnam in s Annam. Two birds
observed in south Vietnam in January, 1994 after a 57 year hiatus (World
Birdwatch 16(1):2).
Crocias albonotatus SPOTTED CROCIAS. Forest.
Highlands of w,c Java.
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Heterophasia: Sibias. Forest, oak forest,
scrub. Mts. of s Asia; Taiwan.
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Heterophasia annectens RUFOUS-BACKED SIBIA. Forest,
scrub. Himalayas, 600-1550 m in ne India from Darjeeling and Sikkim
e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Khasi, Cachar and Mizo hills, Manipur and
Nagaland, Burma (exc. c,s), sw China in w,sw Yunnan, nw Thailand, n Laos
and n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin and s Annam.
Heterophasia capistrata RUFOUS SIBIA. Forest.
Himalayas, 1500-3500 m in n Pakistan, n India from Kashmir e to Arunachal
Pradesh and s Tibet.
Heterophasia gracilis GREY SIBIA. Forest.
Himalayas, 900-2300 m in ne India in the Khasi and Cachar hills, Manipur
and Nagaland, w,ne Burma and sw China in w Yunnan.
Heterophasia melanoleuca BLACK-HEADED SIBIA. Open
woodland, dwarf oak, forest, scrub. Himalayas above 1000 m in cs
China in s Szechwan, Yunnan, Kweichow and nw Kwangsi, ne Burma and n Vietnam
in nw Tonkin; c,e,s Burma incl. Tenasserim and nw Thailand; c Vietnam in
c,s Annam and s Laos.
Heterophasia auricularis WHITE-EARED SIBIA. Oak forest.
Mts., 1150-2350 m of Taiwan.
Heterophasia pulchella BEAUTIFUL SIBIA. Forest.
Himalayas above 2000 m in e India in s Arunachal Pradesh, Khasi and Cachar
hills and Nagaland, se Tibet, ne Burma and sw China in nw Yunnan.
Heterophasia picaoides LONG-TAILED SIBIA. Oak forest.
Mts., 600-3000 m in ne India from Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to
Nagaland, Burma (exc. c), sw China, nw Thailand, n Laos, n,c Vietnam in
nw Tonkin and n Annam, Malaya; Sumatra.
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Yuhina: Yuhinas. Forest, scrub, edge, second
growth, bushes. S, se Asia, Taiwan, Sumatra, Borneo.
Yuhina castaniceps STRIATED YUHINA. Open forest undergrowth,
edge. Mts. 600-1550 m in ne India from Darjeeling and Sikkim e to
Arunachal Pradesh s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, s China in
w Yunnan, Burma (exc. c, but incl. Tenasserim) and nw Thailand; s
China in se Szechwan, se Yunnan, Kweichow, Hunan, Kwangsi, Kwangtung and
Fukien, n Laos and n,c Vietnam in Tonkin and n,c Annam.
Yuhina everetti CHESTNUT-CRESTED YUHINA. Open forest
undergrowth, edge. Mts. of n Borneo. Sometimes treated as a
race of Y. castaniceps.
Yuhina bakeri WHITE-NAPED YUHINA. Forest, second
growth, bushes. Himalayas, 900-2150 m in n India from e Nepal e to
Arunachal Pradesh and s to Khasi and Cachar hills, Manipur and Nagaland,
n Burma and sw China in nw Yunnan.
Yuhina flavicollis WHISKERED YUHINA. Forest, second
growth. Himalayas, 900-3000 m in n India from Himachal Pradesh e
to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, se Tibet,
w,n,e Burma, sw China in w,se Yunnan, nw Thailand, n Laos and nVietnam
in nw Tonkin.
Yuhina humilis BURMESE YUHINA. Forest, second growth.
Mts. above 1200 m in e,s Burma incl. Tenasserim, and nw Thailand.
Sometimes treated as a race of Y. flavicollis.
Yuhina gularis STRIPE-THROATED YUHINA. Forest, scrub,
bamboo. Himalayas, 1200-3050 m in n India locally from Garhwal e
to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Manipur, Nagaland and probably se Bangladesh,
sw China in s Szechwan and w,se Yunnan, se Tibet, w,ne,e Burma, n Laos
and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Yuhina diademata WHITE-COLLARED YUHINA. Thickets,
tall grass. Himalayas above 1500 m in c,cs China in se Kansu, Shensi,
Hupeh, w,s Szechwan, Yunnan, Kweichow and w Kwangsi, ne Burma and n Vietnam
in nw Tonkin.
Yuhina occipitalis RUFOUS-VENTED YUHINA. Forest
undergrowth, mossy trees. Himalayas, 1800-3600 m in ne India from
wc Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, se Tibet, ne Burma and sw China in nw,s
Yunnan.
Yuhina brunneiceps FORMOSAN YUHINA. Forest.
Mts., 1000-3300 m of Taiwan.
Yuhina nigrimenta BLACK-CHINNED YUHINA. Forest,
scrub, second growth, farms. Himalayas, 900-2000 m in n India from
Garhwal e to Arunachal Pradesh s to Khasi and Chittagong hills, Manipur
and Nagaland, ne Burma, s China in c Szechwan, Yunnan, w Hupeh, Kwangsi,
nw Fukien and probably Kwangtung, ne Laos, and n,c Vietnam in nw Tonkin
and Annam.
Yuhina zantholeuca WHITE-BELLIED YUHINA. Forest,
second growth. Mts. 550-3050 from ne India from w Nepal e to Arunachal
Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, s China in Yunnan,
w Kwangsi, Kwantung, Fukien and Hainan I., Taiwan; s through se Asia (exc.
c Thailand); nw Sumatra; Borneo.
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Myzornis pyrrhoura FIRE-TAILED MYZORNIS. Rhododendron
thickets in forest, alpine meadows, bamboo, bushes. Himalayas, 1600-4250
m in ne India from c Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, se Tibet, sw China in
nw Yunnan and possibly sw Szechwan, and ne Burma Affinities uncertain.
Oxylabes madagascariensis WHITE-THROATED OXYLABES.
Humid forest undergrowth. Lowlands to 1800 m in nw,e Madagascar.
Crossleyia xanthophrys YELLOW-BROWED OXYLABES. Humid
forest undergrowth. Lowlands of n,ce Madagascar.
Mystacornis crossleyi CROSSLEY'S BABBLER. Humid forest
floor. Up to 1800 m in e Madagascar. Affinities uncertain.
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Parrotbills: The Parrotbills have been treated as a family,
Paradoxornithidae, but appear to be babblers, although the affinities of
Panurus biarmicus remain uncertain.
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Panurus biarmicus BEARDED PARROTBILL. Extensive
reedbeds. From se England, continental Europe and Lithuania e across
s Russia from Black Sea area e to Caspian Sea and Aral Sea, Kazakhstan,
Iran and w Afghanistan to sw,cs Siberia in the Altai and Transbaicalia,
Mongolia and n China from w Sinkiang e through Kansu, e,n Tsinghai, Ningsia
and Inner Mongolia to Heilungkiang and s to Spain, Italy, Sicily, Balkan
states, c Turkey and Syria.
Also called Bearded Tit and placed in the Paridae in some classifications.
Conostoma oemodium GREAT PARROTBILL. Bamboo, rhododendrons
in forest, reeds. Himalayas, 2700-4600 m in ne India from c Nepal
e to Bhutan and probably Arunachal Pradesh, ne Burma, se Tibet and c,sw
China in se Kansu, s Shensi, sw Szechwan and n Yunnan.
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Paradoxornis: Parrotbills. Bamboo thickets,
undergrowth, scrub, grass, reedbeds. E,s,se Asia.
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Paradoxornis paradoxus THREE-TOED PARROTBILL. Bamboo thickets,
bamboo groves in forest. Himalayas, 1800-3650 m in c,sw China in
sw Kansu, s Shensi and n Szechwan.
Paradoxornis unicolor BROWN PARROTBILL. Bamboo groves
in forest, rhododendrons. Himalayas, 2100-4300 m in ne India from
Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, se Tibet, ne Burma and sw China in c,sw Szechwan
and nw Yunnan.
Paradoxornis gularis GREY-HEADED PARROTBILL. Forest, scrub
oak, bamboo. Lowlands to 2400 m in ne India from Darjeeling and Sikkim
e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Manipur and Nagaland, w,n,e
Burma, se China from s Szechwan, Yangtze River, s Anhwei and Chekiang s
to Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kwantung and Hainan I., nw Thailand, n Laos and n,c
Vietnam in nw Tonkin and s Annam.
Paradoxornis flavirostris BLACK-BREASTED PARROTBILL. Reedbeds,
scrub, bamboo, grass. Hills, 900-1500 m in ne India from Nepal e
to Arunachal Pradesh and s to se Bangladesh, Assam and Nagaland and w Burma.
Paradoxornis guttaticollis SPOT-BREASTED PARROTBILL. Scrub,
grass, bamboo, reedbeds. Himalayas, 900-3400 m in e India in se Bangladesh,
s,e Assam and Nagaland, ne,e Burma, c,s China from s Kansu and s Shensi
s through Szechwan to Yunnan and e through Kwangsi and Kweichow to Kwantung
and Fukien, nw Thailand, n Laos and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin. Sometimes
treated as a high altitude race of P. flavirostris.
Paradoxornis conspicillatus SPECTACLED PARROTBILL. Bamboo
groves in forest. Himalayas, 1800-2950 m of c China in s Kansu, e
Tsinghai, e Szechwan, sw Shensi and w Hupeh.
Paradoxornis webbianus VINOUS-THROATED PARROTBILL. Thickets,
scrub, bamboo, reedbeds, grass. Lowlands to mts. from se Siberia
in s Ussuriland, Manchuria and Korea, s across c,e China w to s
Shensi, e Szechwan and se Yunnan, to ne,c,e Burma, n Vietnam in nw
Tonkin, and Taiwan. Hybridizes with
P. brunneus and P. alphonsianus, but usually treated as a separate
species.
Paradoxornis brunneus BROWN-WINGED PARROTBILL. Thickets,
scrub, bamboo, grass. Himalayas to 4100 m in sw China in s Szechwan
and nw Yunnan, and ne,c,e Burma.
Paradoxornis alphonsianus ASHY-THROATED PARROTBILL. Dense
thickets, grass. Himalayas above 1200 m in sw China from sw,e Szechwan
to se Yunnan and Kweichow, and n Vietnam in nw Tonkin.
Paradoxornis zappeyi GREY-HOODED PARROTBILL. Forest.
Known only from mts. 2600-3050 m of sw China in s,e Szechwan.
Paradoxornis przewalskii RUSTY-THROATED PARROTBILL. Open
larch woods, grass tussocks, bamboo. Himalayas of nc China
in se Kansu, se Tsinghai and n Szechwan.
Paradoxornis fulvifrons FULVOUS PARROTBILL. Bamboo thickets
in mixed woodland, cane, rhododendrons, coniferous forest. Himalayas,
1800-4600 m in ne India from e Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh, se Tibet,
ne Burma and c,sw China from se Kansu and s Shensi s through w Szechwan
to w Yunnan.
Paradoxornis nipalensis BLACK-THROATED PARROTBILL. Bamboo,
forest undergrowth, grass, thickets. Himalayas, 1200-3300 m in n
India from Garhwal e to e Bhutan and adj. s Tibet; Himalayas, 500-2300
m in ne India from e Bhutan e to Arunachal Pradesh and s to Mizoram, Manipur
and Nagaland, se Tibet, Burma exc. extreme cw, sw China in nw Yunnan, and
nw Thailand.
Paradoxornis verreauxi GOLDEN PARROTBILL. Bamboo thickets,
scrub. Himalayas, 500-3050 m in extreme cw Burma, c,se China from
s Szechwan, s Shensi and w Hunan s to n Yunnan and ne Kwangsi; nw Fukien,
n Laos, n Vietnam in nw Tonkin, and Taiwan. Sometimes treated as
a race of P. nipalensis.
Paradoxornis davidianus SHORT-TAILED PARROTBILL. Bamboo
thickets. Up to 1850 m in e Burma, sw,se China in s Yunnan, Chekiang
and nw,c Fukien, nw Thailand, nw Laos and n Vietnam in n Tonkin.
Paradoxornis atrosuperciliaris BLACK-BROWED PARROTBILL.
Bamboo thickets, long grass, scrub, reedbeds. Himalayas, 600-2100
m in ne India from Sikkim e to Arunachal Pradesh s to n Bangladesh and
Khasi and Cachar hills, n,s Burma, sw China in w Yunnan, nw Thailand and
n Laos.
Paradoxornis ruficeps RUFOUS-HEADED PARROTBILL. Grass,
reedbeds, scrub. Lowlands and Himalayan foothills to 1700 m in ne
India from Nepal e to Arunachal Pradesh s to se Bangladesh, Mizoram, Manipur
and Nagaland, se Tibet, sw China in nw Yunnan, n,s,e Burma, n Laos and
n Vietnam in c Tonkin.
Paradoxornis heudei REED PARROTBILL. Reedbeds. Locally
in e China in s Heilungkiang, ne Chekiang, along Yangtze River in Kiangsu
and extreme se Siberia at Lake Khanka and s Ussuriland.
Rhabdornis: Affinities uncertain. Provisionally assigned
to the Timaliini, but it has been treated as a relative of the tree-creepers
(Certhia) or as the monotypic family Rhabdornithidae. Woods, edge.
Philippine Islands.
Rhabdornis mystacalis STRIPE-SIDED RHABDORNIS. Woodland.
Lowlands to 1200 m on Luzon, Catanduanes, Masbate, Samar, Leyte,
Panay, Negros, Leyte, Calicoan, Bohol, Dinagat, Mindanao and Basilan.
Rhabdornis grandis LONG-BILLED RHABDORNIS. Forest,
woods. Mts. of n Luzon. Sometimes treated as a race of R. inornatus.
Rhabdornis inornatus STRIPE-BREASTED RHABDORNIS.
Forest, edge, second growth. Mts. above 800 m of Samar, Leyte, Negros
and Mindanao.
Tribe Chamaeini: Wrentit.
Chamaea fasciata Wrentit. Chaparral, brush, thickets.
Coastal lowlands and hills from nw Oregon to nw Baja California; in California
inland to inner coast ranges and foothills of the Sierra Nevada.
The Wrentit is the only babbler in the New World.
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Tribe Sylviini: Old World
Warblers.
Blondel, et al. (1994. J. für Orn. 135:367) used 362 DNA-DNA
hybridization comparisons to investigate the phylogenetic relationships
among 18 species of Sylvia and two species of Parisoma.
The results show that Parisoma is included in Sylvia; that S. atricapilla
and S. borin are distinct from the other species and that the Mediterranean
species are closely related.
The main speciation events probably corresponded to Pleistocene climatic
crises within the Mediterranean region.
Sylvia: Warblers, Blackcap, Whitethroats. Forest,
woods, scrub, thickets, etc. Eurasia, s,se Asia, Africa, Arabia.
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Sylvia buryi YEMEN WARBLER. Acacia scrub.
Yemen in sw Arabia.
Sylvia lugens BROWN WARBLER. Acacia savanna.
Locally in mts. above 1500 m in extreme se Sudan, w,c Ethiopia, e Uganda,
w,c Kenya, ne,s Tanzania, ce,se Zaire, Zambia and Malawi.
Sylvia boehmi BANDED WARBLER. Acacia bushes, savanna.
N,ne,sc Ethiopia, nw Somalia, c,s Kenya and Tanzania except w,se.
Sylvia layardi LAYARD'S WARBLER. Acacia scrub, usually
in rocky areas. C,s Namibia and w S. Africa e to Orange Free State,
Lesotho and w Natal.
Sylvia subcaeruleum RUFOUS-VENTED WARBLER. Acacia
bushes, savanna. Sw,s Angola, Namibia, sw Zambia, Botswana, se Zimbabwe
and arid nw,n,c S. Africa (absent from e Transvaal, Lesotho, e Natal and
e Cape Prov.
Sylvia atricapilla BLACKCAP. Forest with undergrowth,
edge, open woods, thickets, towns. From the British Isles and s Scandinavia
se across c Russia to upper Irtysh River and s to Canary, Madeira, Azores
and Cape Verde is., nw Africa from Morocco to Tunisia, Mediterranean region
including most islands except Crete; Turkey, Near East to Israel, Caucasus
and n Iran.
Sylvia borin GARDEN WARBLER. Undergrowth, edge,
scrub, towns. Eurasia from British Isles and Scandinavia se across
c Russia to the Altai, Kirghiz steppes and sw Siberia on the upper Yenisei
River, s to n Spain, s France, c Italy, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, n Turkey
and the Caucasus.
Sylvia communis GREATER WHITETHROAT. Low shrubby
growth, scrub, woods, steppe, open woods, edge of farms, swamp edge, grasslands.
From the British Isles and Scandinavia n to the Arctic Circle se across
c Russia to sw Siberia (upper Yenisei River), n Mongolia and extreme w
China in w Sinkiang, s to n Africa from Morocco to Tunisia, n Mediterranean
region incl. most islands exc. Corsica, Turkey, Near East to Israel, n
Iran, n,e Afghanistan, n Pakistan in n Baluchistan and, probably, nw India
in Kashmir.
Sylvia curruca LESSER WHITETHROAT. Woods, thickets,
bushes, steppes. From s British Isles and Scandinavia n to the Arctic
Circle and e across n Russia to w Siberia (upper Lena R., Transbaicalia),
n Mongolia and n Manchuria in nw Heilungkiang, s to c,se France, n Italy,
Balkans, Turkey, Near East, nw,s Iran, Kazakhstan and n Turkestan.
This and the following two species are often treated as conspecific;
they intergrade or hybridize where their ranges meet and are vocally similar.
Sylvia minula SMALL WHITETHROAT. Desert scrub, thorn
bush, semi-desert, often near water in oases. Sc Asia in ne Iran,
Transcaspia, s,e Turkestan, nw,nc China from Sinkiang e through n Tsinghai,
n Kansu and Ningsia to ne Inner Mongolia.
Sylvia althaea HUME'S WHITETHROAT. Open barren slopes
with scattered scrub, thorn bushes, thorny thickets, juniper. Mts.,
1500-3700 m in Afghanistan, n Pakistan in n Baluchistan and nw India in
Kashmir and Ladakh.
Sylvia nana DESERT WARBLER. Sandy desert, arid steppe,
thorn bushes, semi-desert. Saharan region from s Morocco, c,s Algeria,
s Tunisia, w Libya, s to Mauritania, n Mali, Nigeria (?); sc Asia in s
Russia n to e Caspian and Aral sea areas and Turkestan, ne Iran, w Afghanistan
(?), n Pakistan, nw,nc China from w Sinkiang e to se Ningsia and Mongolia
in the Gobi Desert.
Sylvia nisoria BARRED WARBLER. Bushes, forest edge,
thorny shrubs, woods, orchards, towns. From c Europe w to s Sweden,
Germany and e Italy and s Finland se through nw,c Russia to nw Siberia
in the Altai, nw Mongolia and extreme w China in w Sinkiang, s to Balkans,
Greece, ne Turkey, s Russia, Caucasus and n Afghanistan (absent from large
area from e shore of Caspian Sea to c Kazakhstan e of Aral Sea).
Sylvia hortensis ORPHEAN WARBLER. Woods, forest,
shrubs, orchards. S Europe in the Mediterranean region, incl. Crete,
Morocco to n Libya, Turkey, Near East, Iran, Afghanistan, Caucasus, Turkmenia
in the
Pamir Mts. and n Pakistan in Baluchistan.
Sylvia leucomelaena RED SEA WARBLER. Thorn scrub.
Coastal regions in Israel, c,coastal w Arabia, se Egypt, ce Sudan, n Somalia,
Djibouti and Eritrea.
Sylvia rueppelli RUEPPELL'S WARBLER. Thick scrub,
often on rocky slopes. Greece, Crete, Aegean Sea islands and w,sw
Turkey.
Sylvia melanocephala SARDINIAN WARBLER. Thickets,
bushes, arid scrub. Canary Is. and Mediterranean coasts e to w,nw
Turkey and Near East; absent from parts of n Libya and Cyprus.
Sylvia melanothorax CYPRUS WARBLER. Arid scrub,
thickets. Nests only on Cyprus; vagrants or migrants occur in the
Near East and n Egypt. Sometimes treated as a race of S. melanocephala.
Sylvia cantillans SUBALPINE WARBLER. Thorn scrub,
oaks, open woods undergrowth, thickets. Mediterranean region from
s Europe e to w Turkey; nw Africa from Morocco to Tunisia, incl. Sardinia,
Corsica, Sicily, Crete, Aegean Sea islands.
Sylvia mystacea MENETRIES'S WARBLER. Tamarisk bushes,
scrub, woods. Lowlands to 1350 m from se Turkey and Near East e to
w Caspian Sea region, Caucasus, n Iraq, w,n Iran, Transcaspia n to Aral
Sea and Afghanistan.
Sylvia conspicillata SPECTACLED WARBLER. Thickets,
arid scrub, semi-desert. Locally in Madeira, Cape Verde, Canary islands;
Morocco to Tunisia; sw Europe from Spain to Italy, incl. Sardinia, Corsica,
Sicily, Malta, Cyprus; Near East and probably n Egypt.
Sylvia deserticola TRISTRAM'S WARBLER. Forest undergrowth,
thickets, scrub. Mts. of nw Africa in w Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia;
Moroccan Sahara. The poorly known race ticehursti (Moroccan Sahara)
has been treated as a species but appears to be a race of deserticola.
Sylvia undata DARTFORD WARBLER. Scrub, thorn scrub,
shrubby saltflats. Extreme s England, w,s France, Iberian pen., Italy,
Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily and nw Africa from Morocco to Tunisia.
Sylvia sarda MARMORA'S WARBLER. Open scrub, thorn
scrub. Coastal Spain, Balearic Is., Sardinia and Corsica. |