Sibley'sFamily Trochilidae
Subfamily Phaethornithinae
Subfamily Trochilinae
Order TROCHILIFORMES
Family TROCHILIDAE
Subfamily PHAETHORNITHINAE
Glaucis aenea BRONZY HERMIT.
Forest edge, undergrowth, thickets, dense second growth, woodland, mangroves.
Lowlands in Nicaragua, Costa Rica and w Panama; Pacific lowlands to 800
m in w Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Glaucis hirsuta RUFOUS-BREASTED
HERMIT. Forest edge, undergrowth, thickets, second growth, woodland.
Lowlands to 1000 m in s Lesser Antilles; from c,e Panama, nw,n,e Colombia,
Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador and e
Peru to n,e Bolivia and Brazil.
Threnetes niger SOOTY BARBTHROAT.
Forest. Lowlands in French Guiana and extreme ne Brazil.
Threnetes ruckeri BAND-TAILED BARBTHROAT
Humid forest undergrowth, edge, woodland, second growth, especially near
water. Lowlands to 1050 m on Caribbean slope of Belize, e Guatemala,
Honduras and Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, w,n Colombia,
w Ecuador and w Venezuela.
Threnetes leucurus PALE-TAILED BARBTHROAT.
Forest, edge, second growth, woodland, usually near water. Lowlands
to 1000 m e of Andes from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through
e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and n Brazil.
Phaethornis yaruqui WHITE-WHISKERED
HERMIT. Forest. Pacific lowlands to 1000 m in w Colombia and
w Ecuador.
Phaethornis guy GREEN HERMIT.
Humid forest, edge, second growth. Lowlands and foothills to 2000
m in Costa Rica, Panama, and from Colombia, w,ne Venezuela and Trinidad
s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador to se Peru.
Phaethornis syrmatophorus TAWNY-BELLIED
HERMIT. Forest. Foothills and mts., 800-2400 m, in w,n,c Colombia,
w,e Ecuador and n Peru.
Phaethornis superciliosus LONG-TAILED
HERMIT. Forest, undergrowth, edge, second growth. The following
subspecies are distinctive and may be separate species.
P. s. griseoventer. Lowlands
to 1800 m on Pacific slope from wc Nayarit s to Jalisco and Colima.
P. s. mexicanus. Wc Mexico
in Guerrero and w Oaxaca.
P. s. longirostris. Gulf-Caribbean
slope from Veracruz s to Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama,
and in n Colombia and nw Venezuela.
P. s. superciliosus. W of
Andes in w Ecuador and nw Peru and e of Andes from se Colombia and s Venezuela
s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil.
Phaethornis malaris GREAT-BILLED
HERMIT. Forest, edge, second growth. Lowlands in French Guiana
and adjacent ne Brazil; lowlands of e Brazil.
Phaethornis eurynome SCALE-THROATED
HERMIT. Forest. Lowlands in se Brazil, e Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Phaethornis hispidus WHITE-BEARDED
HERMIT. Riverine forest, second growth, thickets. Lowlands
to 1000 m e of Andes from e Colombia and sw,s Venezuela s through e Ecuador
and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and sw,c Brazil.
Phaethornis anthophilus PALE-BELLIED
HERMIT. Forest edge, thickets, woodland, forest undergrowth.
Lowlands to 1500 m in e Panama, n Colombia and n Venezuela.
Phaethornis bourcieri STRAIGHT-BILLED
HERMIT. Forest, edge, undergrowth. Lowlands to 1600 m e of
Andes from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Amazonian Brazil.
Phaethornis koepckeae KOEPCKE'S HERMIT.
Humid forest, undergrowth. Foothills, 250-1150, of e Peru.
Phaethornis philippii NEEDLE-BILLED
HERMIT. Forest, undergrowth. Lowlands in e Peru, n Bolivia
and Amazonian Brazil.
Phaethornis squalidus DUSKY-THROATED
HERMIT. Forest, edge, undergrowth, second growth. Lowlands
to 500 m e of Andes in e Colombia, s Venezuela, Guyana and Amazonian Brazil;
coastal se Brazil.
Phaethornis augusti SOOTY-CAPPED
HERMIT. Forest edge, second growth, thickets, woodland. Lowlands
and mts. to 2500 m in e Colombia, n,s Venezuela and w Guyana.
Phaethornis pretrei PLANALTO HERMIT.
Forest edge, savanna, towns. In e,se Bolivia, extreme nw Argentina,
eastern Paraguay and c,e Brazil.
Phaethornis subochraceus BUFF-BELLIED
HERMIT. Forest, undergrowth. Lowlands in n,e Bolivia and sw
Brazil.
Phaethornis nattereri CINNAMON-THROATED
HERMIT. Forest edge, undergrowth. Locally in e Bolivia and
c,e Brazil.
Phaethornis gounellei BROAD-TIPPED
HERMIT. Forest edge, undergrowth. Locally in lowlands of e
Brazil.
Phaethornis ruber REDDISH HERMIT.
Forest edge, undergrowth, second growth. Lowlands to 1100 m e of
Andes from e Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and
e Peru to n Bolivia and Brazil.
Phaethornis stuarti WHITE-BROWED
HERMIT. Forest edge, undergrowth. Lowlands to 900 m in sc,se
Peru and n,e Bolivia.
Phaethornis griseogularis GREY-CHINNED
HERMIT. Forest edge, thickets, second growth. Lowlands to 1800
m from sw,e Colombia and w,s Venezuela s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador
to n Peru and nw Brazil; w slope of W. Andes in nw Peru.
Phaethornis longuemareus LITTLE
HERMIT. Forest undergrowth, edge, second growth, woodland.
The three following subspecies may be separate species.
P. l. adolphi. Lowlands to
1300 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Tabasco, Chiapas,
Campeche and Quintana Roo s to Honduras, both slopes of Nicaragua, Costa
Rica and Panama, and on Pacific slope of Colombia and w Ecuador.
P. l. striigularis. Lowlands
to 1300 m of n,c Colombia from Santa Marta Mts. s to Tolima.
P. l. longuemareus. E of the
Andes from e Colombia n to Meta, Venezuela (locally) and Guianas s, w of
Andes to w Ecuador and e of Andes through e Ecuador to e Peru and w Amazonian
Brazil from upper Rio Negro e to Rio Tapajós.
Phaethornis idaliae MINUTE HERMIT.
Forest edge, scrub, savanna. Lowlands to 250 m of se Brazil.
Eutoxeres aquila WHITE-TIPPED SICKLEBILL.
Humid forest undergrowth, edge, thickets. Lowlands to 2100 m from
c Costa Rica, Panama and w,n,se Colombia s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and
e of Andes through e Ecuador to n Peru.
Eutoxeres condamini BUFF-TAILED
SICKLEBILL. Forest. Lowlands to 700 m e of Andes in se Colombia,
e Ecuador, e,se Peru and wc Bolivia.
Androdon aequatorialis TOOTH-BILLED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge, open woodland. Lowlands to
1050 m in e Panama, w,n Colombia and w Ecuador.
The two species of Ramphodon are not true
"hermits", although R. dohrnii has been placed in Glaucis in the
past.
Ramphodon naevius SAW-BILLED HERMIT.
Forest. Lowlands to 900 m of se Brazil.
Ramphodon dohrnii HOOK-BILLED HERMIT.
Forest. Lowlands of coastal se Brazil.
Doryfera johannae BLUE-FRONTED LANCEBILL.
Humid forest, edge, scrub, savanna, especially near streams. Lowlands
to 1800 m e of Andes from e Colombia, s Venezuela, Guyana and extreme n
Brazil s through e Ecuador to se Peru.
Doryfera ludovicae GREEN-FRONTED
LANCEBILL. Humid forest, edge. Highlands, 900-2200 m, from
c Costa Rica, w,e Panama, Colombia and w Venezuela.
Phaeochroa cuvierii SCALY-BREASTED
HUMMINGBIRD. Woodland undergrowth, forest edge, scrub, thickets,
towns. Lowlands of Caribbean slope from n Chiapas and Belize s to
ne, c,s Costa Rica, Panama and coastal n Colombia.
The ne race roberti has been treated as
a separate species.
Campylopterus curvipennis WEDGE-TAILED
SABREWING. Humid forest, edge, open woodland. Gulf lowlands
from s San Luis Potosí and sw Tamaulipas s through Veracruz, ne
Puebla, n Oaxaca and Tabasco to ne Chiapas; Gulf-Caribbean lowlands in
se Mexico, e,c Guatemala and Belize; e Honduras.
The race pampa has been treated as a separate
species, but apparently intergrades with curvipennis.
Campylopterus excellens LONG-TAILED
SABREWING. Humid forest, edge, scrub, fields, woodland. Foothills
of se Veracruz.
Formerly treated as a race of C. curvipennis.
Campylopterus largipennis GREY-BREASTED
SABREWING. Forest, edge, second growth, thickets, scrub, woodland.
Lowlands to 1700 m e of Andes from se Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas
s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian, ec Brazil.
Campylopterus rufus RUFOUS SABREWING.
Humid forest, edge, scrub, fields, woodland. Mts. in e Oaxaca, Chiapas,
c Guatemala and El Salvador.
Campylopterus hyperythrus RUFOUS-BREASTED
SABREWING. Humid scrub, forest edge. Pantepui, 1300-2600 m,
in s Venezuela and adjacent nw Brazil.
Campylopterus duidae BUFF-BREASTED
SABREWING. Open forest, edge, brush. Pantepui, 1200-2050 m,
in s Venezuela and adjacent nw Brazil.
Campylopterus hemileucurus VIOLET
SABREWING. Humid forest, edge, fields. Highlands from Guerrero,
Veracruz, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Chiapas s to w Panama.
Campylopterus ensipennis WHITE-TAILED
SABREWING. Humid forest. Mts., 700-2000 m, of ne Venezuela.
Campylopterus falcatus LAZULINE
SABREWING. Humid forest, scrub, woodland, towns. Mts., 900-3000
m, in n,e Colombia, w,nc Venezuela and e Ecuador.
Campylopterus phainopeplus SANTA
MARTA SABREWING. Forest, edge, scrub. Santa Marta Mts., 1200-4500
m, of ne Colombia.
Campylopterus villaviscensio NAPO
SABREWING. Stunted forest, second-growth woodland. E slope
of Andes, 750-1700 m, in Ecuador and ne Peru.
Eupetomena macroura SWALLOW-TAILED
HUMMINGBIRD. Savanna, scrub. Lowlands to 1200 m e of Andes
from Guianas s through Amazonian,n,e Brazil, se Peru, n Bolivia and Paraguay.
Florisuga mellivora WHITE-NECKED
JACOBIN. Humid forest, edge, second growth, woodland. Lowlands
to 1600 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from Veracruz, n Oaxaca and Chiapas s
to Honduras, both slopes of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, and from
Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador
and e of Andes through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian
Brazil.
Melanotrochilus fuscus BLACK JACOBIN.
Forest, edge, towns. Lowlands to 1200 m in e Brazil, ne Argentina
and Uruguay.
Colibri delphinae BROWN VIOLET-EAR.
Forest edge, second growth, woodland. Locally in lowlands and highlands
to 2800 m from Belize and e Guatemala s to Panama, and from sw,c,ne,se
Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and
e of Andes through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia and n,e Brazil.
Colibri thalassinus GREEN VIOLET-EAR.
Forest edge, brush, pine-oak woodland, humid forest. Highlands from
Jalisco, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí and Veracruz s to Honduras
and nw Nicaragua; foothills and mts., 600-3000 m, from Costa Rica, w Panama,
Colombia and w,n Venezuela s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and nw Peru, and
e of Andes through e Ecuador and e Peru to c Bolivia and nw Argentina.
The southern populations are sometimes treated as a species, C. cyanotus.
Vagrant in the se U.S.
Colibri coruscans SPARKLING VIOLET-EAR.
Humid forest, second growth, thickets, brush, woodland, towns. Foothills
and mts., 900-3600 m, from Colombia, n,s Venezuela and extreme n Brazil
s through Ecuador and Peru to Bolivia and nw Argentina.
Colibri serrirostris WHITE-VENTED
VIOLET-EAR. Scrub, savanna, grassland. In c,se Bolivia, s Brazil
and nw,ne Argentina.
Anthracothorax viridigula GREEN-THROATED
MANGO. Open country with scattered trees, second growth, mangroves.
Coastal lowlands in e Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and ne Brazil.
Anthracothorax prevostii GREEN-BREASTED
MANGO. Open country with scattered trees, woodland edge, farmlands,
mangroves. Lowlands to 1000 m from Oaxaca, San Luis Potosí
and s Tamaulipas s along both slopes of Mexico, incl. Yucatán and
larger offshore islands, s through C. America to Costa Rica; w,ne Colombia
on the Gujira Pen. and middle Cauca Valley in Valle, and n Venezuela locally
from Zulia e to e Sucre. Has been reported as a vagrant in s Texas.
Anthracothorax veraguensis VERAGUAS
MANGO. Pacific lowlands of w Panama from Chiriquí e to s Coclé
and Caribbean slope of the Canal Zone. Formerly a race of prevostii.
Anthracothorax nigricollis BLACK-THROATED
MANGO. Humid forest edge, second growth, open woodland, towns.
The two following races sometimes are treated
as separate species.
A. n. nigricollis. Lowlands to 1750
m in Panama and from ne Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and Guianas
s, e of Andes, through e Ecuador, e Peru, n,e Bolivia and Brazil to Paraguay
and ne Argentina.
A. n. iridescens. Arid Pacific lowlands
from w Colombia and w Ecuador to extreme nw Peru. Formerly placed
in prevostii.
Anthracothorax mango JAMAICAN MANGO.
Open woodland, arid open scrub. Jamaica.
Anthracothorax dominicus ANTILLEAN
MANGO. Woodland, open second growth, towns. In Hispaniola,
c,w Puerto Rico and Virgin Is.
Anthracothorax viridis GREEN MANGO.
Open woodland. Puerto Rico.
Avocettula recurvirostris FIERY-TAILED
AWLBILL. Forest. Locally in lowlands e of Andes in se Venezuela,
Guianas, e Ecuador and Amazonian Brazil.
Eulampis jugularis PURPLE-THROATED
CARIB. Forest, edge, woodland. Highlands and mts. of Lesser
Antilles.
Eulampis holosericeus GREEN-THROATED
CARIB. Open woodland, second growth, forest edge. In Puerto
Rico, Virgin Is. and Lesser Antilles; erroneously reported from Tobago.
Chrysolampis mosquitus RUBY-TOPAZ
HUMMINGBIRD. Open forest, deciduous woodland, arid scrub, fields,
second growth, savanna, mangroves. Lowlands to 1750 m in Colombia,
Venezuela, e Bolivia and ne,c,e Brazil.
Orthorhyncus cristatus ANTILLEAN
CRESTED HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, scrub, forest edge, around human
habitation. In Puerto Rico, Virgin Is. and Lesser Antilles.
Klais guimeti VIOLET-HEADED HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest edge, open woodland, second growth. Lowlands of e Honduras,
Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama; lowlands to 1900 m e of Andes from se
Colombia and w,n Venezuela s through e Ecuador to e Peru, extreme w Brazil
and wc Bolivia.
Abeillia abeillei EMERALD-CHINNED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge. Highlands from Veracruz, se
Oaxaca and Chiapas s through Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras to nc
Nicaragua.
Stephanoxis lalandi PLOVERCREST.
Scrub, savanna. Highlands to 1900 m of se Brazil; in s Brazil, Paraguay
and ne Argentina.
Lophornis ornatus TUFTED COQUETTE.
Forest edge, thickets, savanna. Lowlands to 950 m in s,ne Venezuela,
Trinidad, Guianas and extreme n Brazil.
Lophornis gouldii DOT-EARED COQUETTE.
Forest, edge, scrub, savanna. Lowlands in c Brazil and e Bolivia.
Lophornis magnificus FRILLED COQUETTE.
Forest, edge, scrub, towns. Lowlands to 600 m of c,e Brazil.
Lophornis brachylopha SHORT-CRESTED
COQUETTE. Evergreen subtropical forest. Lowlands and foothills
of sw Guerrero.
Lophornis delattrei RUFOUS-CRESTED
COQUETTE. Humid forest edge, open woodland. Lowlands and foothills
to 2000 m in c Costa Rica, Panama, sc,e Colombia, e Peru and n,e Bolivia.
Lophornis stictolophus SPANGLED
COQUETTE. Forest, edge, scrub, second growth, open woodland.
Lowlands and foothills to 1300 m of Andes in Colombia, w,nw Venezuela,
e Ecuador and ne Peru.
Lophornis chalybeus FESTIVE COQUETTE.
Humid forest, scrub. Lowlands to 1000 m e of Andes from e Colombia
and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador and e Peru to Amazonian Brazil and
n Bolivia; se Brazil; recorded ne Argentina.
Lophornis pavoninus PEACOCK COQUETTE.
Humid forest edge. Pantepui, 500-2000 m in s Venezuela and Guyana.
Lophornis helenae BLACK-CRESTED COQUETTE.
Humid forest edge, second growth, open woodland, scrub. Gulf-Caribbean
slope from Veracruz, n Oaxaca and Chiapas s to c Costa Rica.
Lophornis adorabilis WHITE-CRESTED
COQUETTE. Forest edge, open woodland, second growth, scrub.
Lowlands and foothills in sw Costa Rica and w Panama.
Popelairia popelairii WIRE-CRESTED
THORNTAIL. Thickets. Lowlands to 1600 m e of Andes in e Colombia,
e Ecuador, and e Peru s to Madre de Dios.
Popelairia langsdorffi BLACK-BELLIED
THORNTAIL. Humid forest, second growth. Lowlands to 500 m e
of Andes from se Colombia and s Venezuela s through e Ecuador to e Peru,
n Bolivia and w,se Amazonian Brazil.
Popelairia letitiae COPPERY THORNTAIL.
Presumably forest. Known only from two male specimens from "Bolivia".
Popelairia conversii GREEN THORNTAIL.
Humid forest edge, open woodland, scrub. Locally in lowlands to 1400
m in Costa Rica, Panama, w Colombia and w Ecuador.
Discosura longicauda RACKET-TAILED
COQUETTE. Humid forest, scrub, savanna, usually along rivers.
Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes in s Venezuela, Guianas and n,e Brazil.
Chlorestes notatus BLUE-CHINNED
SAPPHIRE. Riverine forest, second growth, savanna, pastures.
Lowlands to 1000 m e of Andes from e Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago
and Guianas s through e Ecuador to e Peru and Amazonian,e Brazil.
Chlorostilbon canivetii FORK-TAILED EMERALD. Open woodland, fields, scrub, towns. The two following subspecies may be separate species.
C. c. canivetii. Gulf-Caribbean slope
from s Tamaulipas, Yucatán Pen. and I. Holbox s to n Guatemala and
Belize and Bay Is. off n Honduras.
C. c. salvini. Both slopes from
se Chiapas, w,e Guatemala and Honduras s to Nicaragua and nw Costa Rica.
C. auriceps GOLDEN-CROWNED EMERALD.
Lowlands to 1800 m on the Pacific slope from Sinaloa s to Oaxaca, and inland
to s Morelos. Formerly included in canivetii.
C. forficatus COZUMEL EMERALD.
Cozumel I. off Yucatán Pen. of e Mexico. Formerly included
in canivetii. .
Howell 1993. (Euphonia 2:25-27) proposed specific
status for auriceps and forficatus.
Chlorostilbon assimilis GARDEN EMERALD.
Forest edge, towns, woodland. Pacific lowlands in sw Costa Rica and
Panama.
Chlorostilbon mellisugus BLUE-TAILED
EMERALD. Forest edge, second growth, savanna, towns, arid scrub,
fields. Lowlands and mts. to 2200 m from Colombia, Venezuela and
Guianas s, w of Andes to w Ecuador and e of Andes through e Ecuador and
e Peru to n,e Bolivia and Amazonian Brazil. Includes C. vitticeps.
Chlorostilbon aureoventris GLITTERING-BELLIED
EMERALD. Scrub, savanna, grassland. Lowlands and foothills
to 2000 m in n,e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, cs Brazil, Uruguay and n Argentina;
e Brazil.
Chlorostilbon ricordii CUBAN EMERALD.
Open woodland, scrub. Cuba and Bahamas.
*Chlorostilbon bracei BRACE'S EMERALD.
Scrub.
Probably extinct;
known only from subfossil bones and the unique type taken in 1877 on New
Providence, in n Bahamas.
Chlorostilbon swainsonii HISPANIOLAN
EMERALD. Open forest, edge, scrub. Mts. of Hispaniola; erroneously
recorded from Gonâve I.
Chlorostilbon maugaeus PUERTO RICAN
EMERALD. Open forest, open woodland, mangroves.
Chlorostilbon gibsoni RED-BILLED
EMERALD. Humid forest, edge, thorn thickets. Lowlands and foothills
to 2300 m in Colombia and w,n Venezuela.
Chlorostilbon russatus COPPERY EMERALD.
Scrub, forest edge. Foothills, 600-2600 m, in ne Colombia and extreme
nw Venezuela.
Chlorostilbon stenura NARROW-TAILED
EMERALD. Humid forest, low scrub. Andes, 1000-3000 m, in e
Colombia and w Venezuela.
Chlorostilbon alice GREEN-TAILED
EMERALD. Humid forest edge, undergrowth, second growth, woodland.
Mts., 750-1800 m, of n Venezuela.
Includes Panychlora micans, a unique specimen
usually regarded as a variant of C. alice, in spite
of its striking appearance.
Chlorostilbon poortmani SHORT-TAILED
EMERALD. Humid forest, open woodland, second growth, forest edge,
usually along streams. Mts., 1000-2400 m, of c Colombia; mts., 800-2800
m in e Colombia and w Venezuela.
Cynanthus sordidus DUSKY HUMMINGBIRD.
Arid scrub, second growth, woodland, towns. Mts. from Michoacán,
México and Hidalgo s to Oaxaca and Puebla.
Cynanthus latirostris BROAD-BILLED
HUMMINGBIRD. Arid scrub, open deciduous forest, semi-desert, riparian
woodland. From w Sonora, se Arizona, sw New Mexico, n Chihuahua,
extreme w Texas and Tamaulipas s to Michoacán, México and
Morelos, and e to n Veracruz, Hidalgo and Puebla; in Guerrero, Oaxaca and
Chiapas.
The southern race, doubledayi, is sometimes
treated as a separate species.
Cyanophaia bicolor BLUE-HEADED HUMMINGBIRD.
Forest, open woodland, scrub. Mts. of c Lesser Antilles in Dominica
and Martinique.
Thalurania ridgwayi MEXICAN WOODNYMPH.
Humid forest, edge, second growth, open woods.
Lowlands in Nayarit, w
Jalisco and Colima.
Thalurania colombica BLUE-CROWNED
WOODNYMPH or VIOLET-CROWNED WOODNYMPH. Humid forest, edge, second
growth, open woodland.
May be conspecific with furcata.
T. c. townsendi. Lowlands of Caribbean
slope from Guatemala and Belize s to Costa Rica and w,
c Panama e to Canal Zone and e Panamá
Province.
T. c. colombica. Lowlands to 1900
m in ne Colombia and w Venezuela.
Thalurania fannyi GREEN-CROWNED WOODNYMPH.
Humid forest, edge, second growth, open woods.
May be conspecific with T. furcata.
T. f. fannyi. Lowlands in e Panama
in e Colón, Darién, e San Blas and nw Colombia.
T. f. hypochlora. Lowlands on Pacific
slope of sw Colombia and w Ecuador s to El Oro. Sometimes treated
as a race of T. furcata or as a separate species.
Thalurania furcata FORK-TAILED WOODNYMPH.
Humid forest, edge, second growth, open scrub. Lowlands mostly below
1200 m, e of Andes from se Colombia, c,e Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas
s through e Ecuador, e Peru and Amazonian,e Brazil to n,e Bolivia, Paraguay
and ne Argentina.
Thalurania watertonii LONG-TAILED
WOODNYMPH. Forest, scrub. Coastal lowlands to 500 m of e Brazil.
Thalurania glaucopis VIOLET-CAPPED
WOODNYMPH. Forest, scrub. Lowlands to 1200 m in e,s Brazil,
Paraguay, Uruguay and ne Argentina.
Eucephala smaragdocaerulea, known from
a specimen from Bahia, Brazil is apparently a hybrid T. glaucopis x Chlorestes
notatus.
Augasma cyaneoberyllina and A. smaragdinea
of se Brazil, known from two specimens from "Bahia" and six males from
Rio de Janeiro and "Bahia", respectively, are probably hybrids of unknown
parentage.
Panterpe insignis FIERY-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest edge, open scrub, meadows, second growth,
open woodland. Mts., 1000-3800 m, in Costa Rica and w Panama.
Damophila julie VIOLET-BELLIED HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest edge, second growth, open woodland. Lowlands to 1750
m in c,e Panama, n,c Colombia, w Ecuador and nw Peru; doubtfully recorded
from Costa Rica.
Lepidopyga coeruleogularis SAPPHIRE-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Scrub, mangroves, towns, brushy areas. Coastal
lowlands in Panama and n Colombia.
Lepidopyga lilliae SAPPHIRE-BELLIED
HUMMINGBIRD. Mangroves. Coastal lowlands of cn Colombia.
Lepidopyga goudoti SHINING-GREEN
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, arid scrub, second growth, deciduous
forest. Lowlands to 1600 m of n Colombia; in e Colombia and nw Venezuela.
Hylocharis xantusii XANTUS'S HUMMINGBIRD.
Open forest, edge, brushy hillsides, second growth, arid scrub. S
Baja Calif. n to lat. 29°N., including islands in the Gulf of California
n to I. San José. Vagrant in s California and has nested there.
Hylocharis leucotis WHITE-EARED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open forest, pine-oak, brushy hillsides, towns.
Highlands from s Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas
s to Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras and nc Nicaragua.
Hylocharis eliciae BLUE-THROATED
GOLDENTAIL. Open woodland, forest edge, open scrub. Lowlands
and foothills from Veracruz, Chiapas and Guatemala s along aboth slopes
of s Mexico and C. America to w Panama and extreme nw Colombia.
Hylocharis sapphirina RUFOUS-THROATED
SAPPHIRE. Forest edge, second growth, scrub, thickets. Lowlands
to 1850 m e of Andes from e Colombia, s Venezuela and Guianas s through
e Ecuador, ne Peru and Amazonian,se Brazil to ne Bolivia, Paraguay and
ne Argentina.
Hylocharis cyanus WHITE-CHINNED
SAPPHIRE. Humid forest, edge, second growth, scrub, woodland, often
near water. Locally in lowlands to 1250 m e of Andes from ne,se Colombia,
w,s Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n,e Bolivia
and Amazonian,se Brazil.
Hylocharis pyropygia FLAME-RUMPED
SAPPHIRE. Presumably forest. Known from five specimens from
e Brazil; possibly a hybrid H. cyanus x Chlorostilbon aureoventris pucherani.
May be a good species.
Hylocharis chrysura GILDED HUMMINGBIRD.
Scrub, savanna. In n,e,se Bolivia, Paraguay, sc Brazil, Uruguay and
n Argentina.
Hylocharis grayi BLUE-HEADED SAPPHIRE.
Open woodland, forest edge, scrub, mangroves. Lowlands and foothills
to 2000 m in extreme e Panama, w,c Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Chrysuronia oenone GOLDEN-TAILED
SAPPHIRE. Forest, edge, second growth, woodland, towns. Lowlands
to 1600 m e of Andes from e Colombia, w,n Venezuela and Trinidad s through
e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia and extreme w Brazil.
Goldmania violiceps VIOLET-CAPPED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest. Highlands, 600-1400 m, in e Panama
and extreme nw Colombia.
Goethalsia bella RUFOUS-CHEEKED
HUMMINGBIRD. Forest. Highlands, 600-1650 m, in extreme e Panama
and adjacent nw Colombia.
Trochilus polytmus STREAMERTAIL.
Open woodland, scrub. Jamaica. The red-billed and black-billed
races sometimes are treated as separate species, but they intergrade where
they are in contact.
Leucochloris albicollis WHITE-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Forest, scrub. Lowlands and foothills to 2000
m in se Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and ne Argentina.
Polytmus guainumbi WHITE-TAILED
GOLDENTHROAT. Savanna, grassland, scrub. Lowlands to 1500 m
e of Andes from e Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s through ne,e,se
Brazil to extreme se Peru, Paraguay, ne Argentina and n,e Bolivia.
Polytmus milleri TEPUI GOLDENTHROAT.
Humid forest edge, open scrub, bushes. Pantepui, 1200-2200 m, of
s Venezuela.
Polytmus theresiae GREEN-TAILED GOLDENTHROAT.
Forest edge, savanna, second growth, scrub, grassland. Lowlands to
500 m e of Andes in se Colombia, s Venezuela, Guianas and Amazonian Brazil;
locally se Ecuador and e Peru.
Leucippus fallax BUFFY HUMMINGBIRD.
Arid thorn scrub, semi-desert, mangroves. Coastal lowlands to 800
m in ne Colombia and n Venezuela.
Leucippus baeri TUMBES HUMMINGBIRD.
Arid scrub. Coastal lowlands to 1300 m of w Peru.
Leucippus taczanowskii SPOT-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Arid scrub. Andes, 350-2450 m, of n Peru.
Leucippus chlorocercus OLIVE-SPOTTED
HUMMINGBIRD. Riverine woodland. Lowlands e of Andes in se Ecuador,
ne Peru and extreme w Brazil.
Taphrospilus hypostictus MANY-SPOTTED
HUMMINGBIRD. Woodland. Foothills e of Andes in e Ecuador, e Peru,
c,se Bolivia, sw Brazil and nw Argentina.
Amazilia viridicauda GREEN-AND-WHITE
HUMMINGBIRD. Scrub. Andes of c,s Peru.
Amazilia chionogaster WHITE-BELLIED
HUMMINGBIRD. Scrub, savanna. Andes in e Peru, c,e,se Bolivia,
sw Brazil and nw Argentina.
Amazilia candida WHITE-BELLIED EMERALD.
Humid forest edge, open woodland, brush. Gulf-Caribbean lowlands
and foothills from San Luis Potosí, n Veracruz and Yucatán
Pen. s to Honduras, both slopes of Nicaragua and Costa Rica; Pacific lowlands
of Guatemala.
Amazilia chionopectus WHITE-CHESTED
EMERALD. Forest, edge, second growth, scrub, savanna, usually along
rivers. Lowlands to 500 m in e Venezuela, Trinidad, Guianas and extreme
n Brazil.
Amazilia versicolor VERSICOLORED
EMERALD. Humid forest, edge, second growth, scrub, savanna.
Lowlands to 1700 m e of Andes from e Colombia and sc Venezuela s through
Amazonian,se Brazil to n,e Bolivia, Paraguay and ne Argentina; s Venezuela.
Amazilia luciae HONDURAN EMERALD.
Arid scrub, thorn forest. Caribbean lowlands of Honduras.
Amazilia fimbriata GLITTERING-THROATED
EMERALD. Forest edge, open woodland, second growth, scrub, savanna,
grassland, towns, thorn scrub. Lowlands to 1300 m e of Andes from
e Colombia, Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador to ne Peru, n Bolivia
and Brazil.
A. cyaneotincta, known only from two trade
skins, may be abberant individuals of A. fimbriata or hybrids of unknown
origin.
Amazilia distans TACHIRA EMERALD.
Humid forest. Known only from a single specimen taken at 300 m in
sw Venezuela.
Amazilia lactea SAPPHIRE-SPANGLED
EMERALD. Forest edge, riverine forest, scrub, savanna. S Venezuela;
locally in lowlands to 1400 m in e,se Peru and n Bolivia; e Brazil.
Amazilia amabilis BLUE-CHESTED HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest edge, second growth, open woodland. Lowlands to 1400
m on Caribbean slope of Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, w,n Colombia
and w Ecuador.
Amazilia decora CHARMING HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest, edge, open woodland. Pacific slope in sw Costa Rica
and extreme w Panama.
Amazilia rosenbergi PURPLE-CHESTED
HUMMINGBIRD. Scrub. Pacific coastal lowlands to 200 m in w
Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Amazilia boucardi MANGROVE HUMMINGBIRD.
Mangroves. Pacific coastal lowlands of Costa Rica.
Amazilia franciae ANDEAN EMERALD.
Open forest. Andes, 1000-2000 m, in Colombia, w Ecuador and n Peru.
Amazilia leucogaster PLAIN-BELLIED
EMERALD. Open forest, edge, second growth, mangroves, woodland, towns.
Lowlands to 500 m in e Venezuela, Guianas and e Brazil.
Amazilia cyanocephala AZURE-CROWNED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, forest edge, pine-oak, pine savanna.
Highlands from s Tamaulipas s through Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, s Quintana
Roo, c,e Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras to nc Nicaragua; lowland
pine savanna in e Honduras and ne Nicaragua.
Amazilia cyanifrons INDIGO-CAPPED
HUMMINGBIRD. Forest, edge, open woodland. Costa Rica; lowlands
and foothills, 400-2000 m, of n,e Colombia. The unique specimen of
A. c. alfaroana from Volcán de Miravalles, Costa Rica, may be mislabeled,
a hybrid, or a separate species.
Amazilia beryllina BERYLLINE HUMMINGBIRD.
Open woodland, pine-oak, arid scrub, open forest. From se Arizona
(several nesting records), Sonora and s Chihuahua s through w Mexico, Guatemala
and El Salvador to c Honduras. Hybridizes with A. cyanura.
Amazilia cyanura BLUE-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD.
Open woodland, forest edge, scrub. On Pacific slope from Chiapas
to w Nicaragua; Caribbean slope of c Honduras.
Amazilia saucerrottei STEELY-VENTED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, forest edge, second growth. In
w,s Nicaragua and Costa Rica; lowlands and mts. to 3000 m in w,n Colombia
and w Venezuela.
Amazilia tobaci COPPER-RUMPED HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest, edge, second growth, thorn scrub, savanna, towns. Lowlands
to 1800 m in Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago.
Amazilia viridigaster GREEN-BELLIED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge, open woodland, second growth, scrub.
Lowlands to 1800 m e of Andes in e Colombia, w,s Venezuela, Guyana and
extreme n Brazil.
Amazilia edward SNOWY-BREASTED HUMMINGBIRD.
Open woodland, towns. In sw Costa Rica and w Panama; c,e Panama.
Amazilia rutila CINNAMON HUMMINGBIRD.
Open deciduous forest, edge, second growth, scrub, woodland, towns, pine
savanna. Pacific slope from c Sinaloa s through w Mexico to c Costa
Rica; Caribbean slope in Yucatán Pen., Belize, arid int. valleys
of Guatemala and Honduras, and pine savanna of e Honduras and ne Nicaragua.
Two records as a vagrant in se Arizona and sw New Mexico.
Amazilia yucatanensis BUFF-BELLIED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, second growth, scrub, towns. Gulf-Caribbean
lowlands from Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and s Texas s through e Mexico to Yucatán
Pen., n Guatemala, and n Honduras.
Amazilia tzacatl RUFOUS-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest edge, open woodland, second growth, savanna, fields, towns.
Lowlands and foothills to 1800 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope from s Tamaulipas,
Veracruz, n Oaxaca, Yucatán Pen. and Chiapas s to Nicaragua, both
slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, w,n Colombia, w Venezuela and w Ecuador;
nw Panama.
Amazilia castaneiventris CHESTNUT-BELLIED
HUMMINGBIRD. Presumably forest or woodland. Known only from
nc Colombia; possibly Ecuador.
Amazilia amazilia AMAZILIA HUMMINGBIRD.
Arid scrub, open woodland, towns. Pacific lowlands in w Ecuador and
Peru; recorded (but probably erroneously) from extreme se Ecuador; records
from e Peru are without foundation.
Amazilia viridifrons GREEN-FRONTED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, forest edge, arid scrub.
The two following races may be separate species.
A. v. viridifrons. Pacific slope
from c Guerrero s to w Oaxaca and w Chiapas.
A. v. wagneri. S Oaxaca.
Amazilia violiceps VIOLET-CROWNED
HUMMINGBIRD. Scrub, open woodland, forest edge, riparian groves.
From n Sonora, s Arizona, sw New Mexico and w Chihuahua s to Hidalgo, Puebla,
Oaxaca and Chiapas.
Eupherusa poliocerca WHITE-TAILED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, forest edge. Highlands in Guerrero
and w Oaxaca.
Eupherusa eximia STRIPE-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest, edge, open woodland. Gulf-Caribbean slope from Puebla,
Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas s to nc Nicaragua; int. highlands of Costa
Rica and w Panama.
Eupherusa cyanophrys BLUE-CAPPED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, humid forest, edge. Mts. in sc
Oaxaca.
Eupherusa nigriventris BLACK-BELLIED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge. Mts. in Costa and w Panama.
Elvira chionura WHITE-TAILED EMERALD.
Humid forest, edge. Highlands in sw Costa Rica and w Panama.
Elvira cupreiceps COPPERY-HEADED
EMERALD. Humid forest, edge. Highlands of Costa Rica.
Microchera albocoronata SNOWCAP.
Forest edge, undergrowth, open woodland, thickets. Caribbean slope
in e Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and w Panama.
Chalybura buffonii WHITE-VENTED
PLUMELETEER. Open woodland, second growth, forest edge, swampy areas.
Lowlands to 1400 m in c,e Panama, w,n Colombia and w,n Venezuela; e slope
of E. Andes of se Colombia; mts. in w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Chalybura urochrysia BRONZE-TAILED
PLUMELETEER. Humid forest, undergrowth, edge, open woodland, second
growth. Lowlands in extreme e Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica;
lowlands to 900 m in Panama, w Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Aphantochroa cirrochloris SOMBRE
HUMMINGBIRD. Forest, scrub. Lowlands to 800 m in e,c Brazil.
Lampornis clemenciae BLUE-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, second growth, shrubby areas, pine-oak
woodland, towns. Highlands from se Arizona, n Sonora, Chihuahua,
w Texas and Coahuila s to Oaxaca and Chiapas.
Lampornis amethystinus AMETHYST-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge, oak woodland, brush. Mts.
from Nayarit, Jalisco, San Luis Potosí and s Tamaulipas s to Guatemala,
El Salvador and c Honduras.
The blue-throated race, margaritae, may
be a separate species.
Lampornis viridipallens GREEN-THROATED
MOUNTAIN-GEM. Humid forest, pine-oak, scrub, brush. Highlands
in extreme e Oaxaca, Chiapas, Guatemala, El Salvador and w Honduras.
Lampornis sybillae GREEN-BREASTED
MOUNTAIN-GEM. Humid forest, edge, oak woodland, brush. Highlands
in e Honduras and nc Nicaragua.
Lampornis hemileucus WHITE-BELLIED
MOUNTAIN-GEM. Humid forest, edge.
Highlands in Costa Rica and w Panama.
Lampornis castaneoventris VARIABLE
MOUNTAIN-GEM. Humid forest, edge, open woodland, second growth.
Locally in highlands in w Nicaragua, Costa Rica and w Panama.
Lamprolaima rhami GARNET-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge, pine-oak woodland, brush.
Mts. from Guerrero, México and w Veracruz s through Oaxaca, Chiapas,
Guatemala and El Salvador to Honduras.
Adelomyia melanogenys SPECKLED HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest, edge, undergrowth, woodland. Mts., 1000-2500 m, from
Colombia and w,n Venezuela s through w,e Ecuador, Peru and c,e,se Bolivia
to nw Argentina.
Anthocephala floriceps BLOSSOMCROWN.
Forest, woodland. Mts., 600-1700 m, of c,ne Colombia.
Phlogophilus hemileucurus ECUADORIAN
PIEDTAIL. Humid forest. Locally in Andean foothills, 400-1500
m, in sw Colombia, e Ecuador and ne Peru.
Phlogophilus harterti PERUVIAN PIEDTAIL.
Forest. Andean foothills, 900-1200 m, of c,se Peru.
Clytolaema rubricauda BRAZILIAN RUBY.
Forest, scrub. Se Brazil.
Heliodoxa imperatrix EMPRESS BRILLIANT.
Forest. Andean foothills, 400-1800 m, in sw Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Heliodoxa xanthogonys VELVET-BROWED
BRILLIANT. Forest edge. Pantepui, 700-2000 m, in s Venezuela
and adjacent n Brazil.
Heliodoxa gularis PINK-THROATED
BRILLIANT. Forest, edge. Foothills to 900 m e of Andes in extreme
se Colombia, e Ecuador and n Peru.
Heliodoxa branickii RUFOUS-WEBBED
BRILLIANT. Forest edge, woodland. Andean foothills, 750-1300
m, of e Peru.
Heliodoxa schreibersii BLACK-THROATED
BRILLIANT. Forest, scrub. Lowlands to 1300 m e of Andes in
se Colombia, e Ecuador, e Peru and nw Amazonian Brazil.
Heliodoxa aurescens GOULD'S JEWELFRONT.
Humid forest, edge. Lowlands to 600 m e of Andes in se Colombia,
s Venezuela, e Ecuador, e Peru, n Bolivia and w Amazonian Brazil.
Heliodoxa rubinoides FAWN-BREASTED
BRILLIANT. Forest, edge, pastures, towns. Andes, 1800-2600
m, in Colombia, w,e Ecuador and ne Peru.
Heliodoxa jacula GREEN-CROWNED BRILLIANT.
Humid forest, edge. Locally to 1500 m in mts. in Costa Rica, Panama,
Colombia and w Ecuador.
Heliodoxa leadbeateri VIOLET-FRONTED
BRILLIANT. Humid forest, edge, open woodland, scrub, coffee.
Mts., 400-2400 m, from Colombia and w,n Venezuela s through e Ecuador and
e Peru to wc Bolivia.
Eugenes fulgens MAGNIFICENT HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest, edge, pastures, open woodland, pine-oak, scrub. Mts.
in w Colorado; from se Arizona, sw New Mexico and w Texas s through Mexican
highlands, Guatemala, w El Salvador and Honduras to nc Nicaragua; mts.
in c,e Costa Rica and w Panama. The southern race, spectabilis, sometimes
is treated as a separate species.
Hylonympha macrocerca SCISSOR-TAILED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge. Mts., 900-1200 m, of ne Venezuela.
Sternoclyta cyanopectus VIOLET-CHESTED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, second growth, woodland. Mts. to
1900 m of w,n Venezuela.
Topaza pyra FIERY TOPAZ. Humid
forest, edge, open woodland, savanna edge, usually along streams.
Lowlands to 500 m e of Andes in se Colombia, s Venezuela, e Ecuador, extreme
ne Peru and wc Amazonian Brazil.
Topaza pella CRIMSON TOPAZ.
Humid forest, usually along streams. Lowlands e of Andes in e Ecuador,
s Venezuela, Guianas and ne Brazil.
Oreotrochilus chimborazo ECUADORIAN
HILLSTAR. Rocky slopes. Andes, 3500-5200 m, of nc Ecuador.
Sometimes treated as a race of O. estella.
Oreotrochilus estella ANDEAN HILLSTAR.
Rocky slopes. Andes of n Peru; sw S. America in s Peru, w Bolivia,
n Chile and nw Argentina; c Bolivia.
Oreotrochilus leucopleurus WHITE-SIDED
HILLSTAR. Rocky slopes. Andes, 1000-3000 m, in se Bolivia,
w Argentina and c Chile.
Oreotrochilus melanogaster BLACK-BREASTED
HILLSTAR. Rocky slopes. Andes, 3200-4500 m, of c Peru.
Oreotrochilus adela WEDGE-TAILED
HILLSTAR. Rocky slopes. Andes, 2550-4000 m, of c,s Bolivia.
Urochroa bougueri WHITE-TAILED HILLSTAR.
Forest, edge, especially near streams. Andes, 500-2500 m, in w,s
Colombia, nw,e Ecuador and ne Peru.
Patagona gigas GIANT HUMMINGBIRD.
Scrub, brushy areas. Andes, 1000-3500 m, from n Ecuador s through
Peru and Bolivia to s Chile and nw Argentina.
Aglaeactis cupripennis SHINING SUNBEAM.
Open slopes, brushy areas. Andes, 2200-3650 m, in Colombia, Ecuador
and Peru.
Aglaeactis castelnaudii WHITE-TUFTED
SUNBEAM. Scrub, open woodland. Andes, 2500-3300 m, of c Peru.
Hybridizes with A. cupripennis in Cuzco, Peru.
Aglaeactis aliciae PURPLE-BACKED
SUNBEAM. Open slopes. Andes, 2000-3000 m, of n Peru.
Aglaeactis pamela BLACK-HOODED SUNBEAM.
Rocky slopes. Andes, 2250-4200 m, of wc Bolivia.
Lafresnaya lafresnayi MOUNTAIN VELVETBREAST.
Humid forest edge, scrub, open fields, brush. Mts., 1500-3700 m,
in Colombia and nw Venezuela s through Andes of Ecuador and Peru.
Pterophanes cyanopterus GREAT SAPPHIREWING.
Paramo, humid forest edge, open slopes. Andes, 1600-3600 m, in Colombia,
w,e Ecuador, e Peru and wc Bolivia.
Coeligena coeligena BRONZY INCA.
Forest edge, bushes, woodland. Mts., 950-3000 m, from Colombia and
w,n Venezuela s through Andes of e Ecuador and Peru to c,se Bolivia.
Coeligena wilsoni BROWN INCA.
Forest, edge. Andes, 700-1900 m, in sw Colombia and w Ecuador.
Coeligena prunellei BLACK INCA.
Forest, edge. Andes, 1400-2600 m, of e Colombia.
Coeligena torquata COLLARED INCA.
Forest, edge. Andes, 1200-3100 m, from Colombia and w Venezuela s
through Ecuador to se Peru; in se Peru and wc Bolivia (La Paz, Cochabamba).
Coeligena phalerata WHITE-TAILED
STARFRONTLET. Forest, edge, open slopes. Santa Marta Mts.,
1400-3300 m, of ne Colombia.
Coeligena orina DUSKY STARFRONTLET.
Forest, edge. Andes, 3000-3300 m, of nw Colombia. Bleiweiss
(1988. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club 108:127-131) treats the unique type as a race
(or immature) of C. bonapartei.
Coeligena bonapartei GOLDEN-BELLIED
STARFRONTLET. Humid forest, open slopes. Mts., 2150-3000 m,
in ne Colombia and nw Venezuela; Andes, 1400-3200 m, of w Venezuela.
Coeligena helianthea BLUE-THROATED
STARFRONTLET. Humid forest, edge, open scrub. Mts., 1900-3300
m, in ne Colombia and w Venezuela.
Coeligena lutetiae BUFF-WINGED STARFRONTLET.
Forest, edge. Andes, 2600-3600 m, in c Colombia, Ecuador and nw Peru.
Coeligena violifer VIOLET-THROATED
STARFRONTLET. Forest, paramo. Andes, 1500-3600 m, in Peru and
c Bolivia.
Coeligena iris RAINBOW STARFRONTLET.
Forest, edge. Andes, 1050-3200 m, in se Ecuador and n Peru.
Ensifera ensifera SWORD-BILLED HUMMINGBIRD.
Shrubby slopes, forest edge. Andes, 1700-3300 m, from Colombia and
w Venezuela s through w,e Ecuador and w,e Peru to c Bolivia.
Sephanoides sephaniodes GREEN-BACKED
FIRECROWN. Forest edge, scrub, towns. In Chile and cw,s Argentina.
Sephanoides fernandensis JUAN FERNANDEZ
FIRECROWN. Woodland, towns. Juan Fernández Is., off
c Chile.
Boissonneaua flavescens BUFF-TAILED
CORONET. Humid forest, edge, shrubby slopes. Andes, 850-3500
m, in Colombia, w Venezuela and w Ecuador.
Boissonneaua matthewsii CHESTNUT-BREASTED
CORONET. Forest. Andes, 1200-3000 m, in se Colombia, Ecuador
and Peru.
Boissonneaua jardini VELVET-PURPLE
CORONET. Forest, edge. Pacific lowlands and W. Andes, 350-3000
m, in sw Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Heliangelus mavors ORANGE-THROATED
SUNANGEL. Forest, open shrubby areas. Andes, 1000-3000 m, in
e Colombia and w Venezuela.
Heliangelus spencei MERIDA SUNANGEL.
Forest, edge. Andes, 2000-3600 m, of w Venezuela.
Heliangelus amethysticollis AMETHYST-THROATED
SUNANGEL. Forest, edge, scrub. Mts., 1800-3300 m, in ne Colombia
and nw Venezuela; Andes in se Ecuador, e Peru, and wc Bolivia.
The names
H. squamigularis, rothschildi, Iolaema luminosa,
Heliotrypha speciosa, H. barralli are regarded as hybrids, mostly H.
amethysticollis x Eriocnemis cupreoventris.
Heliangelus strophianus GORGETED
SUNANGEL. Forest, edge. Mts., 1200-2800 m, in sw Colombia and
extreme nw Ecuador.
Heliangelus exortis TOURMALINE SUNANGEL.
Forest, edge. Andes, 1500-3400 m, of Colombia, e,s Ecuador and nw
Peru.
Heliangelus viola PURPLE-THROATED
SUNANGEL. Forest, edge. Andes in w Ecuador and n Peru.
Heliangelus zusii BOGOTA SUNANGEL.
New species. (Graves 1993. Auk 110:4).
Based on a single specimen from "Bogotá"
collected ca. 1909; probably from the cloud forest in the Eastern Cordillera
of the Colombian Andes. Possibly a hybrid but, if so, the parentage
is not obvious. Possibly extinct because of habitat destruction.
Heliangelus regalis ROYAL SUNANGEL.
Mossy, stunted forest, tall humid forest. Andes, 1000-2000 m, of
n Peru.
Eriocnemis nigrivestis BLACK-BREASTED
PUFFLEG. Forest, edge. Andes, 2400-4300 m, of n Ecuador.
Recorded on Volcán Pinchincha in 1992 (Bleiweiss, et al. 1993. Wilson
Bull. 95:656-661).
Eriocnemis vestitus GLOWING PUFFLEG.
Forest edge, open shrubby areas. Andes, 2200-3900 m, in Colombia,
w Venezuela, e Ecuador and nw Peru.
Eriocnemis godini TURQUOISE-THROATED
PUFFLEG. Forest, edge. Andes, 2100-2300 m, in Colombia and
nw Ecuador.
Eriocnemis luciani SAPPHIRE-VENTED
PUFFLEG. Forest, edge. Andes, 2800-4800 m, in sw Colombia,
w,e Ecuador and Peru.
Eriocnemis cupreoventris COPPERY-BELLIED
PUFFLEG. Forest, edge, low shrubby slopes. Andes, 1950-3000
m, in ne Colombia and w Venezuela. See Heliangelus amethysticollis.
Eriocnemis mosquera
GOLDEN-BREASTED PUFFLEG. Forest, edge. Andes, 1200-3600 m,
in Colombia and n Ecuador.
Eriocnemis glaucopoides BLUE-CAPPED
PUFFLEG. Shrubby areas. Andes in c,se Bolivia and nw Argentina.
Eriocnemis mirabilis COLORFUL PUFFLEG.
Forest, edge. Known only from sw Colombia.
Eriocnemis alinae EMERALD-BELLIED
PUFFLEG. Forest, edge. Andes, 2300-2800 m, in Colombia, se
Ecuador and n Peru.
Eriocnemis derbyi BLACK-THIGHED
PUFFLEG. Forest, edge. Andes, 2500-3600 m, in c Colombia and
n Ecuador.
Haplophaedia aureliae GREENISH PUFFLEG.
Forest edge. Mts. of e Panama; Andes, 900-3100 m, from Colombia s
through Ecuador and Peru to wc Bolivia.
Haplophaedia lugens HOARY PUFFLEG.
Forest, edge. Andes, 1100-1400 m, in sw Colombia and nw Ecuador.
Urosticte benjamini PURPLE-BIBBED
WHITETIP. Forest, edge, scrub. Andes, 700-1500 m, in w Colombia
and w Ecuador.
Urosticte ruficrissa RUFOUS-VENTED
WHITETIP. Forest, edge, scrub. Locally in Andes, 1600-2300,
in s Colombia, e Ecuador and ne Peru. Sometimes treated as a subspecies
of U. benjamini.
Ocreatus underwoodii BOOTED RACKET-TAIL.
Forest, edge, woodland. Mts., 850-3100 m, from Colombia and w Venezuela
s through w,e Ecuador and Peru to c,se Bolivia.
Lesbia victoriae BLACK-TAILED TRAINBEARER.
Grassy slopes, shrubby areas, bushy pastures, woodland. Andes, 2600-4000
m, in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.
Lesbia nuna GREEN-TAILED TRAINBEARER.
Humid forest, edge, grassy slopes, shrubby areas. Andes, 2200-3000
m, in Colombia, w Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and cw Bolivia.
Sappho sparganura RED-TAILED COMET.
Shrubby areas, arid montane scrub. Andes, 1000-3500 m, in Bolivia,
w Argentina, adjacent ce Chile, and possibly s Peru.
Polyonymus caroli BRONZE-TAILED
COMET. Woodland, shrubbery. Andes, 2400-3200 m, of Peru.
Ramphomicron microrhynchum PURPLE-BACKED
THORNBILL. Forest, edge, bushy hillsides. Andes, 1700-3400
m, in Colombia, w Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and c Bolivia.
Ramphomicron dorsale BLACK-BACKED
THORNBILL. Open woodland, grassy slopes. Santa Marta Mts.,
2000-4500 m, of ne Colombia.
Metallura williami VIRIDIAN METALTAIL.
Open slopes, scrub. Paramo of Andes, 2600-4000 m, of nw Colombia;
c Colombia; s Colombia and n Ecuador.
Metallura baroni VIOLET-THROATED
METALTAIL. Open slopes, scrub. Paramo of Andes, 3100-3900 m,
of sw Ecuador.
Metallura odomae NEBLINA METALTAIL.
Humid elfin forest edge, scrub. Andes, 2850-3350 m, of n Peru.
Metallura theresiae COPPERY METALTAIL.
Humid elfin forest edge, scrub. Andes, 2600-3500 m, of n Peru.
Metallura eupogon FIRE-THROATED METALTAIL.
Humid elfin forest edge, scrub. Andes, 2100-3600 m, of c,sw Peru.
Metallura aeneocauda SCALED METALTAIL.
Humid forest edge, scrub. Andes, 1950-3800 m, in se Peru and cw Bolivia;
c Bolivia.
Metallura phoebe BLACK METALTAIL.
Barren slopes, woodland. Andes, 200-3600 m, of Peru, possibly cw
Bolivia.
Metallura tyrianthina TYRIAN METALTAIL.
Forest, edge, open scrub. Mts., 600-3800 m, from Colombia and w,n
Venezuela s through Ecuador and Peru to c Bolivia.
Metallura iracunda PERIJA METALTAIL.
Open scrub. Mts., 1800-3100 m, in Sierra de Perijá of ne Colombia
and nw Venezuela.
Chalcostigma ruficeps RUFOUS-CAPPED
THORNBILL. Forest, edge. Andes, 1900-2800 m, in sc Colombia,
se Ecuador, e Peru and wc Bolivia.
Chalcostigma olivaceum OLIVACEOUS
THORNBILL. Paramo, puna. Andes, 3050-4500 m, in c Peru and
cw Bolivia.
Chalcostigma stanleyi BLUE-MANTLED
THORNBILL. Paramo, puna, timberline brush, Polylepis woodland.
Andes, 2000-4200 m, in Ecuador, Peru and wc Bolivia.
Chalcostigma heteropogon BRONZE-TAILED
THORNBILL. Paramo, open scrub. Andes, 2900-3500 m, in ne Colombia
and w Venezuela.
Chalcostigma herrani RAINBOW-BEARDED
THORNBILL. Shrubbery, rocky slopes. Andes, 2700-3600 m, in
sw,c Colombia, Ecuador and nw Peru.
Oxypogon guerinii BEARDED HELMETCREST.
Bushy or grassy slopes. Paramo of mts., 3000-5200 m, in c,e,ne Colombia
and w Venezuela.
Opisthoprora euryptera MOUNTAIN
AVOCETBILL. Dense humid forest, edge, bushy slopes. Andes,
1700-3800 m, in c Colombia, e Ecuador and n Peru.
Taphrolesbia griseiventris GREY-BELLIED
COMET. Forest edge, open slopes. Andes, 2700-3200 m, of nw,nc
Peru.
Aglaiocercus kingi LONG-TAILED SYLPH. Humid forest, scrub, woodland. Mts., 900-3000 m, from Colombia and w,n Venezuela s through Andes of w,e Ecuador and e Peru to c Bolivia.
Includes A. emmae from c,e Andes of Colombia
and w Venezuela, and A. berlepschi from ne Venezuela, both of which may
be species distinct from kingi. Relationships between blue-throated
and green-throated and between long-tailed and short-tailed populations
are not clear; in some areas they appear as color morphs, in others they
are stable and allopatric.
Chalcostigma purpureicauda and its synonym,
Zodalia
thaumasta, known from single specimens from "Bogotá" and Ecuador,
respectively, are apparently hybrids A. kingi x Lesbia victoriae.
Neolesbia nehrkorni, known from several specimens from Colombia is probably
a hybrid A. kingi x Thalurania furcata or T. colombica.
Aglaiocercus coelestis VIOLET-TAILED
SYLPH. Forest, scrub. Andes, 300-2100 m, in Colombia and w,sw
Ecuador.
Oreonympha nobilis BEARDED MOUNTAINEER.
Arid slopes. Andes, 2850-3800 m, of sc Peru.
Augastes lumachellus HOODED VISORBEARER.
Open scrub, cerrado. Highlands, 950-1600 m, of e Brazil.
Augastes scutatus HYACINTH VISORBEARER.
Open scrub, cerrado. Highlands, 1000-1600 m, of e Brazil.
Augastes geoffroyi WEDGE-BILLED
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge, undergrowth. Mts., 800-2500
m, from Colombia and w,nw Venezuela s through Andes of w,e Ecuador and
e Peru to wc Bolivia.
Heliothryx barroti PURPLE-CROWNED
FAIRY. Humid forest, edge, open woodland, shrubby areas. Lowlands
and
foothills to 2100 m on Gulf-Caribbean slope of Tabasco, Guatemala, Belize,
Honduras and Nicaragua, both slopes of Costa Rica and Panama, and from
w,n Colombia s to sw Ecuador.
Heliothryx aurita BLACK-EARED FAIRY.
Humid forest, scrub, orchards, towns. Lowlands to 1300 m e of Andes,
s,ne Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador and e Peru to n Bolivia
and Amazonian,n,c,e Brazil.
Heliactin cornuta HORNED SUNGEM.
Open forest, woodland, scrub. In extreme s Surinam; e Bolivia; c,e
Brazil.
Loddigesia mirabilis MARVELOUS SPATULETAIL.
Presumably forest. Known only from Andes, 2450-2750 m, of n Peru.
Heliomaster constantii PLAIN-CAPPED
STARTHROAT. Open woodland, deciduous forest, arid scrub. Lowlands
of Pacific slope from se Arizona (almost annually) and Sonora s to sw Costa
Rica.
Heliomaster longirostris LONG-BILLED
STARTHROAT. Open woodland, second growth, forest edge, shrubby areas.
Lowlands and foothills to 1500 m on both slopes from Oaxaca and Veracruz
s to Panama, and from Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Guianas s, w of
Andes to nw Peru and e of Andes through Ecuador and Peru to n,e Bolivia
and Brazil.
Heliomaster squamosus STRIPE-BREASTED
STARTHROAT. Forest, scrub, savanna, grassland. Lowlands to
800 m of e Brazil.
Heliomaster furcifer BLUE-TUFTED
STARTHROAT. Forest, scrub, savanna, grassland. Lowlands e of
Andes in c,se Bolivia, c,s Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and w,c Argentina.
Rhodopis vesper OASIS HUMMINGBIRD.
Arid scrub, oases, near wells in arid country. Lowlands and mts.
to 3050 m in w Peru and n Chile.
Thaumastura cora PERUVIAN SHEARTAIL.
Oases, near wells in arid country, semi-arid farmlands. Lowlands
and mts. to 2400 m in w Peru and n Chile.
Philodice bryantae MAGENTA-THROATED
WOODSTAR. Forest edge, shrubby areas, pastures. Highlands in
Costa Rica and w Panama.
Philodice mitchellii PURPLE-THROATED
WOODSTAR. Forest, pastures. Lowlands and foothills to 1900
m in e Panama, w Colombia and w Ecuador.
Doricha enicura SLENDER SHEARTAIL.
Brush, second growth, open woodland, forest edge. Highlands in Chiapas,
Guatemala, El Salvador and w Honduras.
Doricha eliza MEXICAN SHEARTAIL.
Open woodland, arid scrub. Lowlands in c Veracruz, and in coastal
scrub of Yucatán Pen.
Tilmatura dupontii SPARKLING-TAILED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, pine-oak, shrubby areas. Highlands
from Sinaloa, Jalisco, Colima, Michoacán, México, Distrito
Federal, Morelos and w Veracruz s to nc Nicaragua.
Microstilbon burmeisteri SLENDER-TAILED
WOODSTAR. Arid scrub. Andean foothills, 400-2150 m, in c,se
Bolivia and nw Argentina.
Calothorax lucifer LUCIFER HUMMINGBIRD.
Scrub, semi-desert, brushy hillsides, arid brushy areas. Highlands
from extreme se Arizona, w Texas and Nuevo León s to Guanajuato,
possibly Morelos and Puebla.
Calothorax pulcher BEAUTIFUL HUMMINGBIRD.
Arid scrub, brushy areas. Highlands from Guerrero, Distrito Federal,
Morelos and Puebla s through Oaxaca to Chiapas.
Archilochus colubris RUBY-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Woodland, second growth, towns, meadows. From
c Alberta, c Saskatchewan and s Manitoba e across s Canada to New Brunswick,
Prince Edward I. and Nova Scotia, and s to s Texas, Gulf coast and s Florida.
Archilochus alexandri BLACK-CHINNED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open woodland, scrub, desert washes, riparian woodland,
chaparral, towns. From sw British Columbia, Washington, c Idaho,
nw Montana, and e Colorado s to n Baja Calif., n Sonora, nw Chihuahua,
n Coahuila, c,s Texas and e New Mexico.
Calypte anna ANNA'S HUMMINGBIRD.
Open woodland, chaparral, scrubby areas, meadows, towns. From w Washington
s through w Oregon and Calif. to nw Baja Calif. and s Arizona.
Calypte costae COSTA'S HUMMINGBIRD.
Desert bushes, coastal sage, arid brush, chaparral, farmlands, towns.
In c,s Calif., s Nevada and sw Utah s to s Baja Calif., Sonora, s Arizona
and sw New Mexico.
Calliphlox evelynae BAHAMA WOODSTAR.
Scrubby and open woodland, towns. Bahama Is. Vagrant in s Florida.
Calliphlox amethystina AMETHYST
WOODSTAR. Open woodland, scrub, brushy areas, forest edge, savanna,
grassland, towns. Lowlands to 1500 m e of Andes from e Colombia,
Venezuela and Guianas s through e Ecuador, e Peru, e Brazil and n Bolivia
to Paraguay and ne Argentina.
Mellisuga helenae BEE HUMMINGBIRD.
Open woodland, shrubby areas, towns. Cuba.
Mellisuga minima VERVAIN HUMMINGBIRD.
Open woodland, scrub, shrubby areas, towns. Greater Antilles in Jamaica
and Hispaniola.
Stellula calliope CALLIOPE HUMMINGBIRD.
Meadow edge, riparian willows, open humid coniferous forest, thickets.
Mts. from c int. British Columbia and sw Alberta s through Washington,
Oregon, Nevada and Calif. to n Baja Calif., and e to n Wyoming, w Colorado
and Utah.
Atthis heloisa BUMBLEBEE HUMMINGBIRD.
Pine-oak, humid forest, edge, brushy areas. Mts. from sw Chihuahua,
se Sinaloa, Nayarit, Jalisco, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, Nuevo
León and s Tamaulipas s to Oaxaca and w Veracruz.
Atthis ellioti WINE-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD.
Humid forest, edge, pine-oak, scrubby areas. Highlands in Chiapas,
Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras.
Myrtis fanny PURPLE-COLLARED WOODSTAR.
Arid and semi-arid scrub, woodland. Lowlands and mts. to 3000 m in
sw,se Ecuador and w Peru.
Eulidia yarrellii CHILEAN WOODSTAR.
Arid scrub, towns. Lowlands in s Peru and n Chile.
Myrmia micrura SHORT-TAILED WOODSTAR.
Arid scrub, brushy areas. Coastal lowlands in w Ecuador and nw Peru.
Acestrura mulsant WHITE-BELLIED
WOODSTAR. Forest edge, scrub. Andes, 1500-2800 m, in Colombia,
Ecuador, Peru and wc Bolivia.
Acestrura bombus LITTLE WOODSTAR.
Forest scrub. Locally in lowlands and Andes to 2500 m in w,e Ecuador
and n Peru.
Acestrura heliodor GORGETED WOODSTAR.
Humid forest, edge, scrub. Mts., 500-3000 m, in Colombia, w Venezuela
and nw Ecuador.
Acestrura astreans SANTA MARTA WOODSTAR.
Humid forest, edge, scrub. Santa Marta Mts., 800-2800 m, of ne Colombia.
Acestrura berlepschi ESMERALDAS
WOODSTAR. Forest. Lowlands of w Ecuador, possibly e Ecuador.
Chaetocercus jourdanii RUFOUS-SHAFTED
WOODSTAR. Humid forest, edge, scrub, woodland.
Foothills and mts., 900-3000 m, in ne Colombia,
w,n Venezuela and Trinidad.
Selasphorus platycercus BROAD-TAILED
HUMMINGBIRD. Open coniferous forest, pinyon-juniper and pine-oak
woodland, brushy hillsides, scrub, thickets, towns. Mts. from nc
Idaho, n Utah and n Wyoming s to se Calif., s Arizona, ne Sonora, Guanajuato,
México, Distrito Federal, Hidalgo, Nuevo León and w Texas;
e Chiapas, Guatemala.
Selasphorus rufus RUFOUS HUMMINGBIRD.
Coniferous forest, second growth, thickets, brushy hillsides, scrubby areas,
meadows, towns. Mts. from s Alaska, s Yukon, w,s British Columbia,
sw Alberta and w Montana s to nw Calif., e Oregon and c Idaho.
Selasphorus sasin ALLEN'S HUMMINGBIRD.
Chaparral, coastal sage, riparian woodland, thickets, brushy hillsides,
open coniferous woodland, towns. From sw Oregon s through coastal
Calif.; s Calif.
Selasphorus flammula VOLCANO HUMMINGBIRD.
Forest edge, brushy areas, pastures. Highlands of wc Costa Rica;
c Costa Rica; in se Costa Rica and w Panama.
Selasphorus scintilla SCINTILLANT
HUMMINGBIRD. Humid forest, edge, shrubby areas, meadows, towns.
Mts. in c Costa Rica and w Panama.
Selasphorus ardens GLOW-THROATED
HUMMINGBIRD. Forest edge, brushy areas. Mts. of w Panama.
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